astronomy 104

Astronomy 104
Chapter 3
1. Scientific thinking is our ability to use our prior knowledge and use the knowledge in finding answers to new knowledge. This differs from our everyday thinking because we probably wouldn’t be trying to acquire new information which scientific thinking we always are.
2. In early history astronomy was heavily tied to religion and so usually the priest were astronomers using the star patterns to interpret what the god were saying. Also they based the star patterns of there agriculture needs. Three major astronomical achievements include the Goseck circle which is very similar stone hedge. Hipparchus developed trigonometry to study the stars. Also the Ptolemaic system was created to track and predict star positions.
3. The days of the week have been named after the seven planets of astronomy starting. Starting with Sunday, sol, Luna, mars, mercurius, iuppiter, venus, and saturnus.
4. A lunar calendar is based of the cycles of the lunar phases. There are 12 lunar cycles per year. Lunar calendars are still used in traditional Jewish and Chinese calendars.
5. A model is anything used as a representation of an object, law, theory or event used to help some understand a scientific concept. The Greek geocentric model is a representation of the earth at the center of our solar system. All the other planets and the sun rotating around the earth.
6. The Ptolemaic model is based off that planets that circle the earth travel in smaller circles while going in a circle around the earth. Which is called retrograde motion around the earth.
7. The Copernican revolution was the switch between the Ptolemaic model which is earth at the middle of the solar system. To the heliocentric model which is the sun at the center of the universe.
8. With the church not caring which model was right both tycho and Galileo set off to prove that the Ptolemaic model was right in which they came back with more detailed accounts of there observations. In which the heliocentric model was shut out by tycho but with Galileo’s telescope he proved the heliocentric model was right. But he was thrown in jail for his ideas.
9. And ellipse is curved shape based off to focal points and is basically an oval. But is important in moon cycles because if they traveled in perfect circles we would always have same moon phases consistently.
10. Keplers first law was that the planets move around the sun in an elliptical pattern with the sun being a focus on in the ellipse. The second law says that when earth goes around the sun the area opposite of the earth on the ellipse is the same distance and takes the same amount of time to cross. The third law states that the bigger the planet the longer it will take for it to orbit the sun.
11. the hallmarks of science are basic laws for forming a conclusive theory. In which Copernican did because he created a theory totally outside the box and even though it was rejected at first it later got accepted. And occams razor basically means if there are 2 theories about the same topic the simpler one is probably right.
12. A hypothesis is used to test one subject opposed to a theory which is a group of claims that are going to be tested to see if they are true. So when I think of it I think of a bunch of hypothesis’ in one theory.
13. I think this could be a evaluated scientifically because you could use there stats. and data, and compare them to other baseball teams.
14. Definatly sciencetific because I don’t even know how we could test the theory if we didn’t used science.
20.also scientific evaluated because we would use scientific theories and data we already know to find the answer.
27. C. because it has to do with mercury’s size and distance to the sun which makes it obit the sun faster than other planets.
31. A. because we are not going to keep moving forward if we are not testing boundaries and other unnatural aspects that we have not tested before.