Atpl Summary
Formulas / ATPL theory summary
(Rob Groothuis)
Index ATPL
Page 2 to 2 Page 3 to 14 Page 15 to 18 Page 19 to 26 Page 27 to 31 Page 32 to 33 Page 34 to 34 Page 35 to 36 Page 37 to 41 Page 42 to 45 Page 46 to 48 Page 49 to 56 Page 57 to 57 Page 58 to 59 Page 60 to 60
Handy formulas / guidelines general Formulas all subjects General navigation Meteorology Instrumentation Communications VFR / IFR Mass and balance Flight planning Human performance & limitations Radio navigation Principles of flight Aviation law Operational procedures Performance Aircraft general knowledge
-1-
Handy formulas/guidelines general
**PUSH THE HEAD AND PULL THE TAIL** intercepting NDB QDR/QDM
glidepath ⋅ height ⋅ ( ft ) =
glidepath ⋅ angle × distance (ft) ≈ (300 ft/nm) 60
rate of descent (ft/min): GS x 5 = 3° glide path climb gradient = rate ⋅ of ⋅ c lim b × 6000 TAS × 6080
glide path in ° =
...% x 60 100
TAS + 7 (approximation) 10
angle of bank in rate 1 turn = radius of turn (NM) =
TAS rate × 60 × π
V 2 (m / s ) radius of turn (m) = 10 × tan⋅ bankangle
’’n’’ (load factor) =
1 cos⋅ bankangle
load ⋅ factor = VStall increasing factor
IAS (position/instrument error) RAS/CAS (compressibility) EAS (density) TAS
EAS =
relative ⋅ density x TAS (example: relative density = ¼ at 40000 ft)
VOR’s variation at station / NDB’s variation at aircraft. relative bearing + true heading = true bearing QDR + var. = QTE (QDR = magnetic from station / QTE = true from station) QDM ± 180° = QDR (radial) / QDM = ’’bearings on the RMI’’ (QDR = magnetic to) LSS (kt) = 38,94 T (° K ) [273°K = 0°C]
LSS = 661 kt (at sea level at ISA temp.= 288 k) LSS = 573 kt (ISA tropopause temp.= 216,5 k)
mach ⋅ no. =
TAS LSS
-2-
ATPL formulas – General navigation departure (E/W) in NM = ∆ longitude (in minutes) x cosine latitude (earth) convergency = ∆ longitude x sine mean latitude conversion angle = ½ x convergency
northern hemisphere
rumbline great
(Rob Groothuis)
Index ATPL
Page 2 to 2 Page 3 to 14 Page 15 to 18 Page 19 to 26 Page 27 to 31 Page 32 to 33 Page 34 to 34 Page 35 to 36 Page 37 to 41 Page 42 to 45 Page 46 to 48 Page 49 to 56 Page 57 to 57 Page 58 to 59 Page 60 to 60
Handy formulas / guidelines general Formulas all subjects General navigation Meteorology Instrumentation Communications VFR / IFR Mass and balance Flight planning Human performance & limitations Radio navigation Principles of flight Aviation law Operational procedures Performance Aircraft general knowledge
-1-
Handy formulas/guidelines general
**PUSH THE HEAD AND PULL THE TAIL** intercepting NDB QDR/QDM
glidepath ⋅ height ⋅ ( ft ) =
glidepath ⋅ angle × distance (ft) ≈ (300 ft/nm) 60
rate of descent (ft/min): GS x 5 = 3° glide path climb gradient = rate ⋅ of ⋅ c lim b × 6000 TAS × 6080
glide path in ° =
...% x 60 100
TAS + 7 (approximation) 10
angle of bank in rate 1 turn = radius of turn (NM) =
TAS rate × 60 × π
V 2 (m / s ) radius of turn (m) = 10 × tan⋅ bankangle
’’n’’ (load factor) =
1 cos⋅ bankangle
load ⋅ factor = VStall increasing factor
IAS (position/instrument error) RAS/CAS (compressibility) EAS (density) TAS
EAS =
relative ⋅ density x TAS (example: relative density = ¼ at 40000 ft)
VOR’s variation at station / NDB’s variation at aircraft. relative bearing + true heading = true bearing QDR + var. = QTE (QDR = magnetic from station / QTE = true from station) QDM ± 180° = QDR (radial) / QDM = ’’bearings on the RMI’’ (QDR = magnetic to) LSS (kt) = 38,94 T (° K ) [273°K = 0°C]
LSS = 661 kt (at sea level at ISA temp.= 288 k) LSS = 573 kt (ISA tropopause temp.= 216,5 k)
mach ⋅ no. =
TAS LSS
-2-
ATPL formulas – General navigation departure (E/W) in NM = ∆ longitude (in minutes) x cosine latitude (earth) convergency = ∆ longitude x sine mean latitude conversion angle = ½ x convergency
northern hemisphere
rumbline great