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AUDITION EQUILIBRIUM

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AUDITION EQUILIBRIUM
SPECIAL SENSES

AUDITION & EQUILIBRIUM

Chapter 15
HEARING
• Textbook: Pages 570-579
• Review Questions: #19-23
EQUILIBRIUM
• Textbook: Pages 580-583
• Review Questions: #24-25, 29

THE EAR – AUDITION & EQUILIBRIUM
• Outer, Middle, Inner
– Outer + middle: hearing structures
– Inner: hearing + equilibrium structures
• Audition – sound vibrations move fluids to stimulate hearing receptors
• Equilibrium – head movements disturb fluids surrounding equilibrium receptors

Figure 15.24a Structure of the ear.

External ear Middle Internal ear
(labyrinth)
ear

Auricle
(pinna)
Helix

Lobule
External
acoustic meatus The three regions of the ear
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Tympanic Pharyngotympanic membrane (auditory) tube

OUTER EAR STRUCTURES
• Auricle (pinna)
– Elastic cartilage
– Function: collect and direct sound waves

• External acoustic meatus (external auditory canal)
– Canal within temporal bone
– Ceruminous glands – sticky earwax traps debris

• Tympanic membrane
– Thin, translucent membrane
– Sound waves cause it to vibrate

Figure 15.24b Structure of the ear.

Oval window
(deep to stapes)
Entrance to mastoid antrum in the epitympanic recess
Malleus
(hammer)
Incus
Auditory
(anvil)
ossicles
Stapes
(stirrup)
Tympanic membrane

Semicircular canals Vestibule
Vestibular
nerve

Cochlear nerve Cochlea

Round window

Middle and internal ear

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Pharyngotympanic
(auditory) tube

MIDDLE EAR STRUCTURES
• Air-filled cavity in temporal bone
• Auditory ossicles (outer to inner):
–
–
–
–
–

Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Tympanic membrane vibrations cause bones to vibrate
2 skeletal muscles associated w/bones
• Tensor tympani (malleus)
• Stapedius (stapes)
• Function: Limit vibration + damage w/very loud sounds

Figure 15.25 The three auditory ossicles and associated skeletal muscles.

View

Malleus

Superior

Incus

Epitympanic recess

Lateral
Anterior

Pharyngotympanic tube
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Tensor Tympanic Stapes tympani membrane
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