autism

Final Exam Part 2
1. Antiarrhythmic drugs primarily affect the activity of the following ion channels except
A. Cl
B. Na
C. K
D. Ca 2. What is a life-threatening arrhythmia caused by electrical conduction disturbances?
A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Ventricular fibrillation
C. Ectopic foci
D. Premature ventricular contraction 3. A common adverse effect from quinidine overdosage is
A. Hypertension
B. Tachypnea
C. Cinchonism
D. Dry mouth 4. Disopyramide produces a _____ in conduction and _____ of the refractory period.
A. Increase, contraction
B. Increase, prolongation
C. Decrease, contraction
D. Decrease, prolongation 5. In atrial flutter, one would expect the ECG to have P waves in what type of pattern?
A. Sawtooth
B. Bag of worms
C. In triplets
D. Inverted 6. Counting the number of QRS waves occurring within a one minute period allows for _____ to be determined.
A. Cardiac output
B. Heart rate
C. Stroke volume
D. Premature atrial contractions 7. Ectopic foci are often caused by
A. Increased activity by the SA node
B. Increased activity by the AV node
C. Delayed or blocked conduction of electrical impulses
D. Decreased cholinergic innervation of neurons 8. Myocardial contraction plays an important role in phase _____, where an influx of _____ ions predominate.
A. 1, Na
B. 1, Ca
C. 2, Na
D. 2, Ca 9. A prolongation of the QT interval can lead to all of the following except
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Hypotension
C. Fainting
D. Ventricular arrhythmias 10. Beta blockers are mainly indicated for _____ and for prevention of recurrent _____.
A. Supraventricular arrhythmias, ischemia
B. Supraventricular arrhythmias, myocardial infarctions
C. Ventricular arrhythmias, ischemia
D. Ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial infarctions 11. A potentially fatal problem that can occur with amiodarone is
A. Malignant hyperthermia
B. Circulatory collapse
C. Pulmonary fibrosis
D. Ventricular fibrillation 12. Calcium channel blockers work by
A. Increasing myocardial conduction
B. Increasing myocardial contractility
C. Reducing myocardial conduction
D. Reducing myocardial contractility 13. Antiarrhythmic drugs produce therapeutic effects by all of the following except
A. Decreasing phase 2
B. Slowing phase 0
C. Prolonging phases 1-3
D. Decreasing phase 4 automaticity 14. This class of antiarrhythmic drugs work by slowing depolarization and conduction in Phase 0 of the action potential.
A. Class 1
B. Class 2
C. Class 3
D. Class 4 15. Of the Class IA antiarrhythmics, procainamide is favored over quinidine because procainamide
A. Has less anticholinergic and antihistaminic actions
B. Has less antiadrenergic and antihistaminic actions
C. Has less anticholinergic and alpha blocking actions
D. Has less antiadrenergic and muscarinic blocking actions 16. Class 3 antiarrhythmic drugs work by blocking the _____ of _____ ions during the repolarization phase.
A. Influx, sodium
B. Efflux, sodium
C. Influx, potassium
D. Efflux, potassium 17. Calcium channel blockers affect the SA node by
A. Slowing depolarization and decreasing the heart rate
B. Slowing repolarization and decreasing the heart rate
C. Increasing depolarization and decreasing the heart rate
D. Increasing repolarization and decreasing the heart rate 18. All of these are drugs that will slow AV conduction to protect the ventricles in atrial fibrillation except
A. Beta blockers
B. Atropine
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Digoxin 19. A type of arrhythmia that originates in the SA node and causes a sustained heart rate over 100 beats per minute.
A. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
B. Ventricular tachycardia
C. Supraventricular tachycardia
D. Sinus tachycardia 20. Atropine is used to treat sinus bradycardia because it increases all of the following except
A. Heart rate
B. AV conduction
C. Blood pressure
D. SA conduction