References: Edge, R. S., & Groves J. R. (2007). Ethics of health care: A guide for clinical practice. Clifton, NY: Thomson. ISBN: 9781408031766…
All medical facilities are responsible for given the best treatment as possible to their patients. This may include having the ability to react the correct way in a determinate situation, always thinking in the patient and the organization’s benefit. In medical field there many precautions that must be taken in order to prevent a real problem, such as malpractice and law suit cases. For this reason is good to apply “think before act” because it all starts having a good base of ethical decision.…
Victoria’s comment on autonomy was helpful in seeing the importance of the role of the doctor. Victoria clarified that the doctor made the right ethical decision because the patient had a clear understanding of the negative impact of not telling her husband Paul or reporting the crime. Thus, Barbara had the mental capacity at the time to make a decision. Furthermore, Victoria gave insight on how individuals in the story had the right to autonomy, however, the doctor needed to respect Barbara’s decision because of the relationship between the physician and patient. This is important because it demonstrates the duty the doctor had to their patient.…
We all enjoy our right to autonomy, the freedom to express what can be done to us, the right for self-determination. “Autonomy is based on a person’s ability make rational choices concerning their own life and choose for themselves. They must be treated with respect without interfering with their ability to determine their own paths and make decisions for oneself” (Vaughn 9). The freedom of autonomy gives patients the right decide their healthcare decisions without the influence of the values of their physicians, their colleagues, or society (Schwartz 105).…
In the medical field there emerges a conflict that all physicians will eventually come to deal with, or are already dealing with regularly; that is the conflict of Autonomy and informed consent versus Paternalism and the doctor's intervention. In one hand, Autonomy is the principle of non-interference and the right to self-governance; informed consent is the concept that "Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body (102)" it is the exercise of a choice after being informed of the process and risks of a medical treatment. While in the other hand lies Paternalism; "the interference with, limitation of, or usurpation of individual autonomy justified by reasons referring exclusively…
Alternatively, the four ethical principals can be applied to the case of the refusal of blood transfusions and a given cultural group. A patient who is competent in their decision making always overrides the physician’s choice for the patient. Macklin (2003) states that “the respect for persons principle mandates that physicians should comply with the expressed wishes of a competent adult patient even if the predicted consequences are unfavorable or grave” (p. 275-280). No maleficence and beneficence are ethical principles that could be used to contradict the patient’s ethical rights in specific situations. Macklin (2009) states that the “principle of no maleficence requires physicians to avoid harm, whenever possible, so withholding a proven, beneficial treatment is likely to have the consequence of producing harm” (275-280). The next type of ethical principle, beneficence explains that the physician can increase benefits, and reduce detriment to the patient can also be useful when the clinician wishes to give blood to the patient even when the patient opposed the transfusion (Macklin, 2009). In the case of the blood transfusion scenario, all four principles cannot be adequately used to solve ethical issues in the healthcare organization. Macklin (2009) states…
It should be noted that the core values pertaining to healthcare ethics require the healthcare staff to adhere to the four principles of autonomy, beneficence, justice and nonmaleficence. Autonomy or independence revolves around honoring the right of patients to make their decisions, whole nonmaleficence revolves around doing no harm. Beneficence underlines the requirement that the patient is assisted to advance his own good, while the principle of justice requires all patients to be treated in a similar and fair manner. In essence, it goes without saying that the healthcare institution was acting in violation of the same principles that it is supposed to adhere to in the provision of healthcare services to patients. Of course, it could be argued that the healthcare institution was operating within the established laws of the state and possibly the country at large. However, it should be noted that the key right of the patient and, in fact, every other citizen in the country is to ensure that no harm is caused to the patient and that the autonomy and independence of the citizen and patient to make decisions pertaining to his or her life is nonnegotiable. Indeed, scholars have…
Health care practitioners are faced with ethical dilemmas at growing rate. For example, a nurse may violate a homeless patient’s right to receive full information regarding his or her disease prognosis. The nurse assumes since the patient is uninsured, the patient will not be able to afford medicine to cure the problem, therefore, the information of the prognosis is discarded and the patient is quickly being discharged shortly after.…
When a doctor makes a decision for a patient in the name of health, the doctor is violating his or her autonomy. By autonomy, I mean the patient’s right to make medical decisions in terms of his or her health. Consider the following case: a patient has an advanced stage cancer that likely leads to death within a month, but the patient has a slim chance to survive through chemotherapy – which on its own is painful. If Collins was the doctor, he may mislead the patient, exaggerate the chances of survival, and convince the patient to opt for chemotherapy in the “best interest” of the patient’s health. But the patient’s “best interest” is subjective based on the perspective of the doctor or the patient.…
In the teaching, medical and the legal profession, the term independence is used in the context of autonomy. For physicians, the healthcare sector is highly regulated, with the government imposing several limitations. Amongst many other requirements, doctors are required to use electronic health record (EHR) otherwise they get penalized with reduced reimbursements or get audited by the government. Many doctors argue that this process is time-consuming, takes time away from patient face-to-face interaction, and leads to inefficient and less fulfilling work content. Thus, many believe independence would be not electing insurance or Medicare, for instance, believing it would help improve the quality of service. The World Medical Association (WMA),…
Autonomy is integral to health care; however, promoting and sustaining patient autonomy may be more difficult to enact than is often suggested. According to Hewitt-Taylor (2004), the concept of autonomy becomes more complex when the patient is a child, or an adult who has learning disabilities or a mental health problem that might be considered to impinge on their ability to make informed decisions. An adult with a mental health problem, who is unable to function autonomously has to rely on their caregivers and POAs for their care. In situations like this, health care staff need to be aware of the legal as well as moral and ethical issues involved when facilitating autonomous choices for their patients (Edgar, et al., 2001). The distinction…
Every patient requires different care, with differing values and beliefs. As a result, healthcare providers will be challenged with ethical dilemmas on the basis of beneficence, nonmaleficence, and social justice.…
This essay is about accountability in health and social care setting. Accountability requires the individual practitioner to take responsibility for their actions and the outcomes. The essay looks at the different areas of accountability such as, principles of care, delegation; four ethical principles. In this essay record keeping will be discussed.…
Individualism or personal autonomy, as mentioned above ranks highly as a U.S. citizen’s value. Individuals want to “choose how to protect themselves and/or their children…if beliefs do not support vaccination” ("Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination | History of Vaccines", 2010). Individual autonomy is sacrificed when vaccines, or any type of healthcare, are mandated. Forced vaccinations, forced sterilization, forced participation in research studies, forced acceptance of a physician’s prescribed treatment or therapy; all of these are limited by informed consent.…
The medical provider, such as doctor or nurse, has an obligation of beneficence towards the patient. The patient has a right to both skilled beneficence as well as the right to autonomy. However, autonomy and beneficence are often controversial in some circumstances. Everyone with autonomy has the right to make choices for themselves, including denying practices or choices that would interrupt the medical provider’s duty of beneficence. Paternalism is the overriding of a person’s autonomy for their own good. Two types of paternalism exist. There is weak paternalism, which is paternalism on a patient that does not have sufficient autonomy or a person whose autonomy is greatly diminished. There is also strong paternalism, which is overriding a person’s choices…