Gilgamesh and the Power of Narration by Liesbeth Korthals Altes
In this paragraph (pg.2,bottom), Altes is analyzing and presenting the argumentation of a famous Russian semiotic Algirdas Greimas. Altes is describing that his argument of 6 roles included (subject, object, dispatcher, beneficiary, helper, and opponent) are much more complex than known, when adding the detailed and composite model of plot. Greimas' argument also expounds that any narrative can be described as an enclosed narrative program, whose definition is "the quest for an object by a subject". Furthermore, altes is mentioning the 4‒step sequence, that all narration actions include. The first one is manipulation, where the subject needs a desire to accomplish something, and in this case the dispatcher sets the goals and values. The second one is the competence, which requires the subject to have capability and skills in order to achieve his goals. third, the perfomance: once the two first steps are completed, the narrator explains the actual perfomance, which in some cases can be a failure and, yet in some, a success. The last, but not the least step, is the sanction: if there is no sanction than people will fill it in.