B. F. Skinner's Eight Stages Of Child Development
B.F. Skinner, Erikson and Freud were psychologist that had theories about the developments of a child’s life. Skinner believed that behavior was learned and reinforced through environment(Boree,2009). He centered his theory around operant conditioning. An example of operant conditioning is going to school and working hard to receive a good grade. This is a positive outcome of Skinner’s theory. Operant conditioning is a learning process in which a person does good and receives a good outcome, does bad and receives a bad outcome. Operant conditioning is behavior controlled by a person’s actions. Where as Erikson focused on the conflicts of a child’s development. The conflicts that Erikson believed where in eight stages. Stage 1: Trust v/s
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Skinner-believed behavior was learned and reinforced through the environment (Boeree,2009). Erikson- believed that conflicts were a major contribution to child development. Example most people form an opinion of the world around their personal experiences. Freud’s theories include a child’s personality is broken into three parts Id, Ego, and Superego. The Id is formed at birth. The Superego is developed as the child reaches the stage where they figure out what is required to survive in society and learn to live by the rules. Superego wants to accept to every rule and disregard all the desires of the Id. The third part is Ego. The Ego is the middle ground that allows the Id's desires to be met in a socially acceptable way that allows for the superego to be alright with the Id's desires being met. According to “The Review of Educational Research, by the genital stage, these three parts of the personality should be completely practical and the person should be able to regulate their needs and wants through the genital stage (Papalia, Olds, Feldman, 2008).
While researching these theories, facts were found that connect Erikson and Freud. Both men divided human development into stages. Each stage must be completed properly in order for a child to move forward in growth. Both Erikson and Freud believed if the stages were not completed successfully the child would develop a fixation with something based on the stage. (Papalia, Olds, Feldman, 2008). B.F. Skinner can be included due to his psychosocial stages of development. He believed also that each stage had to be resolved before moving to the next level or
Skinner-believed behavior was learned and reinforced through the environment (Boeree,2009). Erikson- believed that conflicts were a major contribution to child development. Example most people form an opinion of the world around their personal experiences. Freud’s theories include a child’s personality is broken into three parts Id, Ego, and Superego. The Id is formed at birth. The Superego is developed as the child reaches the stage where they figure out what is required to survive in society and learn to live by the rules. Superego wants to accept to every rule and disregard all the desires of the Id. The third part is Ego. The Ego is the middle ground that allows the Id's desires to be met in a socially acceptable way that allows for the superego to be alright with the Id's desires being met. According to “The Review of Educational Research, by the genital stage, these three parts of the personality should be completely practical and the person should be able to regulate their needs and wants through the genital stage (Papalia, Olds, Feldman, 2008).
While researching these theories, facts were found that connect Erikson and Freud. Both men divided human development into stages. Each stage must be completed properly in order for a child to move forward in growth. Both Erikson and Freud believed if the stages were not completed successfully the child would develop a fixation with something based on the stage. (Papalia, Olds, Feldman, 2008). B.F. Skinner can be included due to his psychosocial stages of development. He believed also that each stage had to be resolved before moving to the next level or