Bandura Definition Of Aggression

Bandura stated that aggression is behavior that results in personal injury or destruction of property. (Bandura, 1973) Besides, Baron stated that aggression is a behavior directed toward the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. (Baron, 1977) Baron & Byrne (2000) stated that aggression is the intentional infliction of some form of harm on others. In overall, the common point among these three definitions is aggression is a behavior that causes harm or injury to others. Aggression can be delivering in different ways therefore, it is difficult to agree by researchers about how to describe it, explain it or isolate its component. For example, some researcher defining aggression as a type of
454) Aggressive behavior is classified into two types which are proactive and reactive behavior. Proactive aggressive also known as instrumental aggression, it is a goal-directed behavior that carried out to achieve a purpose or objective in mind, it also extends beyond simply harming the victim. (Walls-Thumma, 2014) Example of proactive aggressive is bullying and robbery, both actions are intended to hurt the victims in order to achieve some goals. Reactive behaviors are also known as hostile aggression. It is commonly highly emotional and thoughtless because it is driven by feeling. It is also a respond to feelings of fear or anger. The example of reaction behavior is when someone get shock they will tend to respond by doing some action such as punch or kick toward the things that make them fear without clarify what is actually happening. Biological and Social explanations are two broad classes that explain aggressive. Both of the explanations have their own theory to explain aggression. The nature-nurture controversy is the example of the debate of which broad classes is more superior to define the origin of aggression. Are human innately aggressive or human learned to be
Based on psychoanalysis theory under psychodynamic approach which founded by Sigmund Freud, human aggressive stems from an innate “Death Instinct”, Thanatos which is in opposition to a “Life Instinct”, Eros. (Hogg & Vaughan, 2011, p. 456) Thanatos is the drive toward death and self-destruction, negative behavior such as fear, hate and anger are connected to it. (Death drive)Whereas Eros is the sexual component of life, it is the drives towards the desire of create life and favors productivity and construction. (Eros) During the struggle between Thanatos and Eros, Eros usually wins, therefore Thanatos will tend to modify an unacceptable urge into another behavior which is more easily to be accepted by superego (Ideal image of ourselves, oppose or repress the aggressive impulses). (Sammons). For example, May is angry with her boss and wish to argue with him, but she converts her anger into eating. Furthermore, the impulse might also redirect away from its original target into a more acceptable one. For example, Amy is angry with her boyfriend but taking it out on her younger sister. Aggression must be released although it builds up naturally. Therefore, the displacement of Thanatos will redirect the self-destructive energies outward. In order to avoid aggressing themselves, human will tend to aggress toward others and this is where aggression happens. For example, in the 2014 Taipei metro attack, the murder tells