Basics of Biology
Biology revision -keeping healthy
Diet and Exercise
What should a balanced diet include?
Carbohydrates,proteins,fats,vitamins,minerals,fibre,water.
Don’t get enough of these?
Become malnourished.
How much energy do we need?
The energy you need depends on various things :
1. Gender- Males need more energy then females, Bigger size, have a bigger ratio of muscle to fat than women.
2. Age- Young people are still growing, they are reproducing and are more active (exercise) than old people as they are more handicapped. Therefore young people need more energy than the elderly.
3. If you are pregnant you need more energy.
More exercise = more food
4. If you live in a hot country you don’t need as much energy as you don’t ue as much energy maintaining a steady body temperature.
What is the metabolic rate?
The rate of chemical reactions in your cells.
What affects the metabolic rate?
Ÿ Gender ( men have a higher metabolic rate)
Ÿ Proportion of muscle to fat
Ÿ Amount of exercise you do.
Ÿ Genetic factors.
Inheritance, exercise and health
What do we inherit health wise?
1. Metabolic rate (how easily we gain + lose mass)
2. Muscle to fat levels
3. Risk of heart disease (cholesterol levels)
Controlling cholesterol
Why do we need cholesterol?
We need cholesterol for cell membranes and to make vital hormones.
What do we inherit about cholesterol?
We Inherit the way the body balances cholesterol. There are two types of cholesterol.
2 forms
Healthy
Unhealthy
What happens if the levels are wrong?
Your risk of getting heart disease increases.
What unbalances the level of cholesterol in your blood?
Eating high fat foods increases the harmful cholesterol which leads to heart disease.
What helps to keep the levels balanced?
Eating a balanced diet means the liver (makes+balances the levels) can keep up. Also doing regular exercise helps lower bad cholesterol and increase the good.
1/500 inherit factors which gives a high cholesterol no
Diet and Exercise
What should a balanced diet include?
Carbohydrates,proteins,fats,vitamins,minerals,fibre,water.
Don’t get enough of these?
Become malnourished.
How much energy do we need?
The energy you need depends on various things :
1. Gender- Males need more energy then females, Bigger size, have a bigger ratio of muscle to fat than women.
2. Age- Young people are still growing, they are reproducing and are more active (exercise) than old people as they are more handicapped. Therefore young people need more energy than the elderly.
3. If you are pregnant you need more energy.
More exercise = more food
4. If you live in a hot country you don’t need as much energy as you don’t ue as much energy maintaining a steady body temperature.
What is the metabolic rate?
The rate of chemical reactions in your cells.
What affects the metabolic rate?
Ÿ Gender ( men have a higher metabolic rate)
Ÿ Proportion of muscle to fat
Ÿ Amount of exercise you do.
Ÿ Genetic factors.
Inheritance, exercise and health
What do we inherit health wise?
1. Metabolic rate (how easily we gain + lose mass)
2. Muscle to fat levels
3. Risk of heart disease (cholesterol levels)
Controlling cholesterol
Why do we need cholesterol?
We need cholesterol for cell membranes and to make vital hormones.
What do we inherit about cholesterol?
We Inherit the way the body balances cholesterol. There are two types of cholesterol.
2 forms
Healthy
Unhealthy
What happens if the levels are wrong?
Your risk of getting heart disease increases.
What unbalances the level of cholesterol in your blood?
Eating high fat foods increases the harmful cholesterol which leads to heart disease.
What helps to keep the levels balanced?
Eating a balanced diet means the liver (makes+balances the levels) can keep up. Also doing regular exercise helps lower bad cholesterol and increase the good.
1/500 inherit factors which gives a high cholesterol no