The Battle of Britain refers to the World War 2 major air campaign fought against United Kingdom's Royal Air Force (RAF) by Germany's air force (Luftwaffe). The battle began in the summer of 1940 and was waged in the skies over Great Britain. When France fell in June 25, 1940, it triggered a series of miniature events that lead to this battle.
Great Britain and France were allies during the Second World War and both declared war on Germany (September 1939). Though despite their declaration of war, little to no fighting was seen between Germany and the two countries. This period of silence broke when Germany invaded France in the Spring of 1940. Although France fought back, they were overpowered and easily defeated in just seven weeks after the invasion began (June 25, 1940). This forced Great Britain to evacuate their heavily armed forces from Dunkirk, France. The Fall of France/Battle of France was the name given to this event.
Great Britain was now vulnerable to attack and stood alone against the Axis Powers. Hitler found it a perfect time to strike and immediately began arranging plans to invade and conquer Great Britain. The plan for invasion Hitler and his generals devised was given the code name, Operation Eagle.
Operation Eagle's main purpose was actually to make way for a much more ambitious invasion of the whole continent of England (Operation Sea Lion). But invading England would be an unrealistic possibility considering how much damage Great Britain's Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force (RAF) could cause to Germany's forces and the Luftwaffe in the process. Operation Eagle was made to solve this problem.
There were four objectives set out for Operation Eagle, all of which are arranged to support Operation Sea Lion. First objective was to engage the Royal Air Force (RAF) in combat and eliminate an adequate amount of aircraft until they no longer pose a threat. This was to ensure air superiority over the English Channel (Germany did