Behavioral Science
Behavioral Science
1.
The immune system is not an autonomous system. This discovery was confirmed by demonstrating that the immune system can be altered by which of the following?
A. Stress B. Suppressed emotions C. Diet D. Conditioning E. Relaxation
The answer is: D
R. Ader and N. Cohen discovered that the immune system could be conditioned by neutral taste stimuli. The immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide (CY) was used in a taste aversion study to cause nausea and vomiting. They found that a single pairing of saccharin-flavored water with CY and a subsequent exposure to saccharin water alone produced the desired conditioning, as well as immunosuppression. Follow-up studies reconfirmed that immune system responses can be conditioned to neutral stimuli in both animals and humans. Immunologists previously had assumed that the immune system was autonomous. Ader and Cohen's discovery opened up a new area of research—psychoneuroimmunology. Studies in this area have demonstrated that many immune components can be altered by behavioral factors such as stress, depression, isolation, relaxation, and bereavement. All of the options listed in the question have some effect on the immune system, but the ability to modify the immune system by conditioning was an outstanding discovery that greatly advanced the entire field of immunology.
2.
For almost three years, a 50-year-old woman has been caring for her mother who is chronically ill with Alzheimer's disease. A recent immunologic assessment of the caregiver daughter found that her
A. Cellular immune system control of latent viruses was poor B. Percentage of T lymphocytes was high C. Helper/suppressor ratio was higher than normal D. Circulating neutrophils were decreased in number E. Natural killer
The answer is: A
J. K. Kiecolt-Glaser and B. A. Esterling both reported studies of the changes that occur in the immune systems of caregivers who have been under the constant stress of caring for a
1.
The immune system is not an autonomous system. This discovery was confirmed by demonstrating that the immune system can be altered by which of the following?
A. Stress B. Suppressed emotions C. Diet D. Conditioning E. Relaxation
The answer is: D
R. Ader and N. Cohen discovered that the immune system could be conditioned by neutral taste stimuli. The immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide (CY) was used in a taste aversion study to cause nausea and vomiting. They found that a single pairing of saccharin-flavored water with CY and a subsequent exposure to saccharin water alone produced the desired conditioning, as well as immunosuppression. Follow-up studies reconfirmed that immune system responses can be conditioned to neutral stimuli in both animals and humans. Immunologists previously had assumed that the immune system was autonomous. Ader and Cohen's discovery opened up a new area of research—psychoneuroimmunology. Studies in this area have demonstrated that many immune components can be altered by behavioral factors such as stress, depression, isolation, relaxation, and bereavement. All of the options listed in the question have some effect on the immune system, but the ability to modify the immune system by conditioning was an outstanding discovery that greatly advanced the entire field of immunology.
2.
For almost three years, a 50-year-old woman has been caring for her mother who is chronically ill with Alzheimer's disease. A recent immunologic assessment of the caregiver daughter found that her
A. Cellular immune system control of latent viruses was poor B. Percentage of T lymphocytes was high C. Helper/suppressor ratio was higher than normal D. Circulating neutrophils were decreased in number E. Natural killer
The answer is: A
J. K. Kiecolt-Glaser and B. A. Esterling both reported studies of the changes that occur in the immune systems of caregivers who have been under the constant stress of caring for a