Bernoulli's Theorem
bernoulli's theorem
ABSTRACT / SUMMARY The main purpose of this experiment is to investigate the validity of the Bernoulli equation when applied to the steady flow of water in a tape red duct and to measure the flow rate and both static and total pressure heads in a rigid convergent/divergent tube of known geometry for a range of steady flow rates. The apparatus used is Bernoulli’s Theorem Demonstration Apparatus, F1-15. In this experiment, the pressure difference taken is from h1- h5. The time to collect 3 L water in the tank was determined. Lastly the flow rate, velocity, dynamic head, and total head were calculated using the readings we got from the experiment and from the data given for both convergent and divergent flow. Based on the results taken, it has been analysed that the velocity of convergent flow is increasing, whereas the velocity of divergent flow is the opposite, whereby the velocity decreased, since the water flow from a narrow areato a wider area. Therefore, Bernoulli’s principle is valid for a steady flow in rigid convergent and divergent tube of known geometry for a range of steady flow rates, and the flow rates, static heads and total heads pressure are as well calculated. The experiment was completed and successfully conducted. INTRODUCTION In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli’s principle is best explained in the application that involves in viscid flow, whereby the speed of the moving fluid is increased simultaneously whether with the depleting pressure or the potential energy relevant to the fluid itself. In various types of fluid flow, Bernoulli’s principle usually relates to Bernoulli’s equation. Technically, different types of fluid flow involve different forms of Bernoulli’s equation.
Bernoulli’s principle complies with the principle of conservation of energy. In a steady flow, at all points of the streamline of a flowing fluid is the same as the sum of all forms of mechanical energy along the streamline. It can be
ABSTRACT / SUMMARY The main purpose of this experiment is to investigate the validity of the Bernoulli equation when applied to the steady flow of water in a tape red duct and to measure the flow rate and both static and total pressure heads in a rigid convergent/divergent tube of known geometry for a range of steady flow rates. The apparatus used is Bernoulli’s Theorem Demonstration Apparatus, F1-15. In this experiment, the pressure difference taken is from h1- h5. The time to collect 3 L water in the tank was determined. Lastly the flow rate, velocity, dynamic head, and total head were calculated using the readings we got from the experiment and from the data given for both convergent and divergent flow. Based on the results taken, it has been analysed that the velocity of convergent flow is increasing, whereas the velocity of divergent flow is the opposite, whereby the velocity decreased, since the water flow from a narrow areato a wider area. Therefore, Bernoulli’s principle is valid for a steady flow in rigid convergent and divergent tube of known geometry for a range of steady flow rates, and the flow rates, static heads and total heads pressure are as well calculated. The experiment was completed and successfully conducted. INTRODUCTION In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli’s principle is best explained in the application that involves in viscid flow, whereby the speed of the moving fluid is increased simultaneously whether with the depleting pressure or the potential energy relevant to the fluid itself. In various types of fluid flow, Bernoulli’s principle usually relates to Bernoulli’s equation. Technically, different types of fluid flow involve different forms of Bernoulli’s equation.
Bernoulli’s principle complies with the principle of conservation of energy. In a steady flow, at all points of the streamline of a flowing fluid is the same as the sum of all forms of mechanical energy along the streamline. It can be
References: B.R. Munson, D.F. Young, and T.H. Okiishi, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics , 3rd ed., 1998, Wileyand Sons, New York Douglas. J.F., Gasiorek. J.M. and Swaffield, Fluid Mechanics,3rd edition, (1995), Longmans Singapore Publisher. Giles, R.V., Evett, J.B. and Cheng Lui, Schaumm’s OutlineSeries Theory and Problems of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic,(1994), McGraw-Hill intl.