Betty Neuman

The theorist I selected is Betty Neuman. The theory’s historical background is extensive and has evolved over the years. According to www.nursingtheories.org it states “Neumann developed her Systems Model Theory in 1972 with the book entitled The Neuman Systems Model: Application to Nursing Education and Practice which included the Nursing process format & care plans included. In 1989 the book The Neuman Systems Model, 2nd ed. Created environment added to expand concept of environment. Spiritual variable added to diagram as fifth variable. The year 1995 brought about another book entitled The Neuman Systems Model, 3rd ed. Chapters on culture, international use of the Model, applications to administration and construction of conceptual-theoretical-structures for research added. In 2002 The Neuman Systems Model, 4th ed. Co-edited by Drs. Betty Neuman and Jacqueline Fawcett. Guidelines for clinical practice, model-based research, education and administration, plus appropriate tools highlight this edition. The year 2010 The Neuman Systems Model, 5th ed. Co-edited by Drs. Betty Neuman and Jacqueline Fawcett. Chapters include an expansion of the client system as an individual, family, group and community. Highlights include advances in thinking about the created environment, reconstitution, and critical thinking within the context of the NSM. Middle-range theory development and integrative theorizing conclude the edition” (2013).
A Description of key points of the theory are described on the website www.nursingtheories.org “The Systems model viewed the client as an open system consisting of a basic structure or central core of energy resources which represent concentric circles. Each concentric circle or layer is made up of the five variable areas which are considered and occur simultaneously in each client concentric circles. These are: Physiological - refers of bodily structure and function.
Psychological - refers to mental processes, functioning and

References: www.currentnursing.com, 2013 www.nursingtheories.org , 2013 www.mercer.edu , 2013 www.neumanconcepts.org , 2013