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Bilinguisme

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Bilinguisme
BILINGUISME, POLITIQUES ET ATTITUDES LINGUISTIQUES AU CAMEROUN ET AU CANADA
Jean-Guy Mboudjeke University of Regina (Canada) jeanguy.mboudjeke@gmail.com

Résumé Comme le Canada, le Cameroun est un pays bilingue dans lequel le français et l anglais sont langues officielles. Mais contrairement au Canada, au Cameroun, la minorité statistique est anglophone tandis que la majorité est francophone. Le rapprochement des deux situations sociolinguistiques peut permettre de mieux comprendre la réalité du bilinguisme (aussi bien en tant que réalité sociale qu en tant que pratique individuelle). La présente étude s emploie à mettre en évidence les ressemblances et les différences entre les deux situations sociolinguistiques. Elle montre que les différences, qui découlent pour l essentiel du rapport que les citoyens des deux pays ont avec les deux langues officielles, déterminent les choix des politiques linguistiques et influencent les attitudes vis-à-vis du bilinguisme individuel. Mots-clés : Bilinguisme- politiques linguistiques- attitudes linguistiques- langues maternelles- langues étrangères

Abstract Just like Canada, Cameroon is a bilingual country in which French and English are the official languages. But unlike Canada, in Cameroon, the statistical minority is Englishspeaking while the statistical majority is French-speaking. Comparing both sociolinguistic situations may help to better understand the reality of bilingualism (both as a social reality and as an individual practice). This paper depicts the similarities and differences between the two sociolinguistic situations. It shows that the differences, which derive mostly from the relationship that Cameroonians and Canadians have with both official languages, determine the choices of language policies and influence attitudes towards individual bilingualism.

Keywords : Bilingualism- language policies- linguistic attitudes- mother tonguesforeign languages

150

« La situation de chaque pays bilingue ne

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