Preview

Bio Fertilizers

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1177 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Bio Fertilizers
BIOFERTILIZER:
The pathophysiology of the Tuberculin reaction is explained thus: M. Tuberculi are engulfed by macrophages after being identified as foreign, but due to a self- preserving mechanism peculiar to TB it is able to block the fusion of the phagosome within which it is existing with the lysosome which would destroy it. So it can continue existing and replicating within the immune cell designed to destroy it. After several weeks, the immune system somehow [ mechanism as yet unexplained] ramps up and, on stimulation with IFN-gamma, the macrophages become capable of killing M. Tuberculi by forming phagolysosomes and nitric oxide radicals. However unfortunately the hyper-activated macrophages secrete TNF which recruits multiple monocytes into the battle. These cells differentiate into epithelioid histiocytes which wall off the infected cells, but at the cost of significant inflammation and local damage
'Biofertilizer' is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.[1] Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of Nitrogen fixation , solubilizing phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth promoting substances.
Biofertilizers can be expected to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The microorganisms in biofertilizers restore the soil's natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter. Through the use of biofertilizers, healthy plants can be grown while enhancing the sustainability and the health of soil. Since they play several roles, a preferred scientific term for such beneficial bacteria is plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Therefore, they are extremely advantageous in enriching the soil fertility and fulfilling the plant nutrient requirements by supplying the organic

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    River Ecology Lab

    • 670 Words
    • 3 Pages

    As showed in figure one and two, the control group had an increase in Euglena count from week two to week three, the high and low treatment group both had a small decrease in Euglena count. This shows that fertilizer will have an effect on the environment no matter the amount. Therefore our hypothesis was supported and the high treatment of fertilizer did have a more significant change in bacteria then both the control and the low treatments. Due to the fact the high treatment had a higher dosage of fertilization it decreased the Euglena count more than the low and control treatments did.…

    • 670 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The use of soluble nitrogenous fertilizers in conventional farming, impacts the nutritional value of the food grown (Bacchus 2012, p.25). It leads to an increase in plant growth and development however a decreased allocation of resources towards the production of secondary metabolites (Mitchell & Chassy 2011). These include DNA, RNA, chlorophyll, amino acids and starch and phytochemicals of caffeine, isoflavonoids and phenolic antioxidants (Mitchell & Chassy 2011).…

    • 1507 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Ace Fertilizer

    • 296 Words
    • 2 Pages

    * Was Abby’s costing of the special order correct and accurate; and what impact will George and Josh’s conversation have on Abby’s previous order?…

    • 296 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Patho

    • 296 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Several bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are resistant to killing by granulocytes and can survive inside macrophages.…

    • 296 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    Throughout the history of mankind, Tuberculosis (TB) has claimed numerous victims. During the 18th and 19th century, TB became an epidemic in North America and Europe, gaining the cognomen, “Captain Among these Men of Death.’’ Therefore, scientists have to find the pathogenesis of this disease to enhance their understanding of the epidemic (Daniel, 2006). Tuberculosis is categorized as an infectious disease in mankind’s history. Statistics show 1 out of 7 of all humans die from tuberculosis (Koch, 1882). In the United States, almost 20,000 cases of tuberculosis are diagnosed yearly, and 9 million worldwide (Miller et al, 2000). The nature of TB has been studied by many,…

    • 1662 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    INFECTIOUS DISEASE

    • 766 Words
    • 3 Pages

    This inflammatory response is tightly regulated by both the host and the bacterium during different stages of infection. As infection progresses, the initial intense pro-inflammatory response observed is regulated by suppressive mediators balancing inflammation. In this environment, M. tuberculosis battles to survive interfering with the host inflammatory response. In this review we discuss the major effectors…

    • 766 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Tuberculosis, TB (tubercle bacillus) or MTB (mycobacterium tuberculosis) is a widespread, and in numerous cases fatal, communicable disease produced by a variety of forms of mycobacteria. The disease is distributed within the air when individuals who are infected with active TB infection sneeze, cough, or pass on breathing fluids throughout the air. Generally infections are asymptomatic, meaning they feel or show no symptoms, and dormant, but then again approximately one in ten dormant infections in the long run move on to the active disease. If left untouched, active TB is fatal to more than half of those infected.…

    • 853 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

    • 1170 Words
    • 5 Pages

    During phagocytosis, macrophages are activated to destroy (consume) the bacteria devouring many times their own body mass in bacteria, essentially killing them with the macrophage’s acid-filled vacuoles. The ingested pathogen becomes trapped in a phagosome, which fuses with lysosome; from this enzymes and toxic peroxides digest and kill the pathogen. However, some advance pathogens such as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis have become resistant to the immune-defence mechanisms of the macrophage.…

    • 1170 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Epidemiology Paper

    • 1510 Words
    • 5 Pages

    “Tuberculosis (TB), a multisystem disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease–related mortality worldwide. Although TB rates are decreasing in the United States, the disease is becoming more common in many parts of the world. In addition, the prevalence of drug-resistant TB is increasing worldwide. TB is caused by M tuberculosis, a slow-growing obligate aerobe and a facultative intracellular parasite. The organism grows in parallel groups called cords (as seen in the image below). It retains many stains after discoloration with acid-alcohol, which is the basis of the acid-fast stains used for pathologic identification. Humans are the only known reservoir for M tuberculosis. The organism is spread primarily as an airborne aerosol from an individual who is in the infectious stage of TB (although transdermal and GI transmission have been reported). Classic clinical features associated with active pulmonary TB are as follows: cough, weight loss/anorexia, fever, night sweats, hemoptysis, chest pain, and fatigue. For initial empiric treatment of TB, patients are started on a 4-drug regimen: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and either ethambutol or streptomycin. Once the TB isolate is known to be fully susceptible, ethambutol (or streptomycin, if it is used as a fourth drug) can be discontinued” (Herchline, 2014).…

    • 1510 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    One in three people in the world is infected with dormant Tuberculosis bacteria, but it is only when the bacteria become active that they fall ill with the disease, (Paddock, pp.2). TB is much like HIV, as it is an auto-immune disease- once the bacteria becomes active/the person becomes infected it can drastically decrease a person’s immunity.…

    • 831 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Susceptibility to Tb

    • 850 Words
    • 4 Pages

    A primary infection may heal, the host acquiring immunity in the process while in other cases, the primary infection may progress to produce extensive disease locally, or infection may be promulgated or disseminated to produce metastatic or miliary tuberculosis. In others, primary lesions that are apparently healed may subsequently deteriorate with reactivation of the disease. Those vital, influential and important host factors include:…

    • 850 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Respirable droplets generated during forceful expiratory actions, such as coughing, transmit TB from person to person. Most infections carry no symptoms and are inactive, however about one in ten latent infections will eventually lead to the active disease (Skolnik, 2011). If TB is left untreated it kills more than fifty percent of people who are unfortunate enough to carry the infection (Kumar and Robbins, 2007).…

    • 2466 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB (short for tubercle bacillus) is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis.…

    • 1331 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    In a tuberculin skin test, tuberculin-- “a solution that stimulates the body to fight the infection”-- is injected into the skin where an infection-fighting reaction will occur which will produce a large red, swollen patch two to three days after the injection of tuberculosis is present (Edelson, Ed, et al 1168). Despite the tuberculin skin test being one of the most practical tests administered for tuberculosis, it tends to reveal only whether or not tuberculosis is live within the body and does not tell whether or not the bacteria is active. It may also produce inaccurate negative results for those with severe cases of tuberculosis with a defective immune…

    • 675 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the world's most important crops. The present investigation was designed to assess the range of growth-promoting activities of various diazotrophic bacteria on rice seedling vigor, its carryover effect on straw and grain yield, and the persistence of an inoculant strain on rice roots under greenhouse conditions. Growth responses to inoculation exhibited bacterial strain–rice variety specificity that were either stimulatory or inhibitory. Growth responses included changes in rates of seedling emergence, radical elongation, height and dry matter, plumule length, cumulative leaf and root areas, and grain and straw yields. Most notable were the inoculation responses toRhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii E11 and Rhizobium sp. IRBG74, which stimulated early rice growth resulting in a carryover effect of significantly ( P = 0.05) increased grain and straw yields at maturity, even though their culturable populations on roots diminished to below detectable values at 60 d after planting. The test strains were positive for indole-3-acetic acid production in vitro, but only some reduced acetylene to ethylene in association with rice under laboratory growth conditions. These studies indicate that certain strains of nonphotosynthetic diazotrophs, including rhizobia, can promote growth and vigor of rice seedlings, and this benefit of early seedling development can carryover to significantly increased grain yield at maturity.…

    • 5081 Words
    • 21 Pages
    Powerful Essays

Related Topics