Biology-Dna Fingerprinting and Polymerase Chain Reaction
In this coursework I will be exploring two issues, my major issue being DNA Fingerprinting and my minor issue is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).
DNA Fingerprinting
(Obtained from www.anselm.edu/.../genbio/geneticsnot.html)
(The diagram above shows that the defendant had the victim’s blood on his clothes)
Web Description: A method of comparing the genetic similarities or differences between individuals. This technology is often used as a forensic tool to identify the source of blood and tissue samples found at crime scenes. (http://www.theworkforcepartnership.com)
Science behind DNA DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a long chain molecule made up of many nucleotides. A Nucleotide contains 3 molecules held together by condensation reactions, these molecules are: Phosphate group, Deoxyribose and an Organic base. www.biology.arizona.edu/.../06t.html These nucleotides are linked between then the sugar group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another. The base containing nitrogen is the only part of the nucleotide which changes.
They are interchangeable by the 4 bases, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine. These bases form the double helix backbone of a DNA strand. http://www.scq.ubc.ca/a-monks-flourishing-garden-the-basics-of-molecular-biology-explained/ The sequence of these bases is what determines our characteristics. Each individual has 99.9% of the same DNA; it is only identical twins that have exactly the same pattern. It is because of this 0.1% we can identify which person a piece of DNA has come from. This is what DNA fingerprinting works from, it screens for certain DNA sequences which are found in some persons but not others.
What Is DNA Fingerprinting?
DNA fingerprinting is a procedure which can distinguish the difference in DNA from certain persons without having to observe the complete 3 billion bases in the whole genome. It is called fingerprint as it is improbable that any two people will have the
DNA Fingerprinting
(Obtained from www.anselm.edu/.../genbio/geneticsnot.html)
(The diagram above shows that the defendant had the victim’s blood on his clothes)
Web Description: A method of comparing the genetic similarities or differences between individuals. This technology is often used as a forensic tool to identify the source of blood and tissue samples found at crime scenes. (http://www.theworkforcepartnership.com)
Science behind DNA DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a long chain molecule made up of many nucleotides. A Nucleotide contains 3 molecules held together by condensation reactions, these molecules are: Phosphate group, Deoxyribose and an Organic base. www.biology.arizona.edu/.../06t.html These nucleotides are linked between then the sugar group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another. The base containing nitrogen is the only part of the nucleotide which changes.
They are interchangeable by the 4 bases, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine. These bases form the double helix backbone of a DNA strand. http://www.scq.ubc.ca/a-monks-flourishing-garden-the-basics-of-molecular-biology-explained/ The sequence of these bases is what determines our characteristics. Each individual has 99.9% of the same DNA; it is only identical twins that have exactly the same pattern. It is because of this 0.1% we can identify which person a piece of DNA has come from. This is what DNA fingerprinting works from, it screens for certain DNA sequences which are found in some persons but not others.
What Is DNA Fingerprinting?
DNA fingerprinting is a procedure which can distinguish the difference in DNA from certain persons without having to observe the complete 3 billion bases in the whole genome. It is called fingerprint as it is improbable that any two people will have the
Bibliography: • www.dna-bioscience.co.uk • www.britannica.com.com – online encyclopedia • www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/dna/dna.htm • www.protist.biology.washington.edu/fingerprint/dnaintro.html • www.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761579857/dna_fingerprinting.html • www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/forensics.shtml • www.wikipedia.org – compared with alternative actual science websites. • www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/restriction.html