Biology Study Sheet
Chapter One
Ecology – the study of the many interactions in the world around us
- body of knowledge concerning the economy of nature, investigation of the total relations of the animal both to its biotic and abiotic environment - concept developed by Ernst Haeckel in 1900s - The study of the interactions of organisms with one another and with their environment - not “the ecology” (wouldn’t say protect “the physics”) - not Environmental Science – study of how natural world works
Ecological Systems
Nested hierarchy - lowest level: look at individual organisms - biosphere highest level - organism most fundamental unit of ecology - organisms interact with the environment that is outside the individual, therefore is lowest level, do not go beneath to organ systems, it is the level at which independent sexual reproduction occurs, natural selection occurs between individuals, etc.
ecosystem – assemblages of organisms together with their physical and chemical environment; a large and complex ecological system; eg) forest, prairie, estuarine ecoystem; all ecosystems are linked in a single biosphere
Levels of Study Biosphere - global processes - includes all environments and organisms on Earth - exchanges of energy/nutrients by wind/water between ecosystems
Ecosystems
- energy flux and cycling of nutrients - have no clearly defined boundaries Communities - many populations of different kinds living in the same place - have no clearly defined boundaries Population - social system of reproduction, survival, interactions - population dynamics: density, dispersion, size, composition - the unit of evolution Organism - conditions in which an organism can survive in - individual’s interactions with biotic and abiotic environment - individual sexual reproduction - natural selection
Ecological Roles Taxonomic Approach (Bio1020 approach)
– roles of individuals in these groups can be quite
Ecology – the study of the many interactions in the world around us
- body of knowledge concerning the economy of nature, investigation of the total relations of the animal both to its biotic and abiotic environment - concept developed by Ernst Haeckel in 1900s - The study of the interactions of organisms with one another and with their environment - not “the ecology” (wouldn’t say protect “the physics”) - not Environmental Science – study of how natural world works
Ecological Systems
Nested hierarchy - lowest level: look at individual organisms - biosphere highest level - organism most fundamental unit of ecology - organisms interact with the environment that is outside the individual, therefore is lowest level, do not go beneath to organ systems, it is the level at which independent sexual reproduction occurs, natural selection occurs between individuals, etc.
ecosystem – assemblages of organisms together with their physical and chemical environment; a large and complex ecological system; eg) forest, prairie, estuarine ecoystem; all ecosystems are linked in a single biosphere
Levels of Study Biosphere - global processes - includes all environments and organisms on Earth - exchanges of energy/nutrients by wind/water between ecosystems
Ecosystems
- energy flux and cycling of nutrients - have no clearly defined boundaries Communities - many populations of different kinds living in the same place - have no clearly defined boundaries Population - social system of reproduction, survival, interactions - population dynamics: density, dispersion, size, composition - the unit of evolution Organism - conditions in which an organism can survive in - individual’s interactions with biotic and abiotic environment - individual sexual reproduction - natural selection
Ecological Roles Taxonomic Approach (Bio1020 approach)
– roles of individuals in these groups can be quite