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Biopsychology

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Biopsychology
EXPLORING
PSYCHOLOGY

Neuroscience and
Behavior

(7th Edition)
David Myers
PowerPoint Slides
Aneeq Ahmad
Henderson State University

Worth Publishers, © 2008

Chapter 2
1

Neuroscience and Behavior

2

Neuroscience and Behavior

Neural Communication

The Endocrine System

Neurons

The Brain

How Neurons Communicate

Older Brain Structures

How Neurotransmitters Influence Us

The Cerebral Cortex

The Nervous System

Our Divided Brain

The Peripheral Nervous System

Studying Hemispheric
Differences in the Intact Brain

The Central Nervous System
3

4

History of Mind

Neural Communication

Phrenology

The body’s information system is built from billions of interconnected cells called neurons.

Bettman/ Corbis

In 1800, Franz Gall suggested that bumps of the skull represented mental abilities. His theory, though incorrect, nevertheless proposed that different mental abilities were modular.

5

6

1

Neural Communication

Neuron

Neurobiologists and other investigators understand that humans and animals operate similarly when processing information.

A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

Note the similarities in the above brain regions, which are all
7
engaged in information processing.

Parts of a Neuron

8

Action Potential
A neural impulse. A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon and is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane. Cell Body: Life support center of the neuron.
Dendrites: Branching extensions at the cell body.
Receive messages from other neurons.
Axon: Long single extension of a neuron, covered with myelin [MY‐uh‐lin] sheath to insulate and speed up messages through neurons.
Terminal Branches of axon: Branched endings of an axon that transmit messages to other neurons.
9

10

Threshold

Action Potential

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