Blood Brain Barrier Case Study
How will you explain an adverse effect on a patient? How is this different that a side effect?
Blood flow to tissues
- The heart, liver, kidneys, brain, and lungs are rapidly perfused tissues and are exposed to drugs in the first minutes following absorption. Muscle and skin are less rapidly perfused tissue, bone and fat are poorly perfused tissue and are exposed to drugs at the final distribution.
Binding of drug to plasma protein
- the only free drug can diffuse to the site of action. Reservoir effect may prolong half-life and duration of the drug.
Specialized distribution barriers
- Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
No intercellular pores between brain capillary endothelial membranes because of the tight junctions between cells. For drugs to access the brain from capillaries drugs must diffuse across cells, be lipid soluble, non-ionized, or be actively transported by a carrier. …show more content…
- Placental Barrier
Lipid soluble and non-ionized drugs penetrate rapidly by crossing the placenta by diffusion.
Every drug crosses the placenta so there is no real barrier. Drugs are classified on a scale of A-D and X to determine the safety of use during pregnancy based on their ability to harm the fetus.
Pharmacokinetic factors
Competition for protein binding sites alteration of extracellular pH – used for overdose, or poisoning alkalinize urine to excrete acidic drugs.
An adverse effect of a drug is a reaction to the drug that is not expected and can be life threatening. An adverse effect is something that we don't expect or want. An example of an adverse effect is: I was put on the Flector pain patch and I had severe edema in my extremities.
A side effect is something that occurs in a high percent, an example would be you take a drug and it causes dry mouth in many of the patients that take
it.
Blood flow to tissues
- The heart, liver, kidneys, brain, and lungs are rapidly perfused tissues and are exposed to drugs in the first minutes following absorption. Muscle and skin are less rapidly perfused tissue, bone and fat are poorly perfused tissue and are exposed to drugs at the final distribution.
Binding of drug to plasma protein
- the only free drug can diffuse to the site of action. Reservoir effect may prolong half-life and duration of the drug.
Specialized distribution barriers
- Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
No intercellular pores between brain capillary endothelial membranes because of the tight junctions between cells. For drugs to access the brain from capillaries drugs must diffuse across cells, be lipid soluble, non-ionized, or be actively transported by a carrier. …show more content…
- Placental Barrier
Lipid soluble and non-ionized drugs penetrate rapidly by crossing the placenta by diffusion.
Every drug crosses the placenta so there is no real barrier. Drugs are classified on a scale of A-D and X to determine the safety of use during pregnancy based on their ability to harm the fetus.
Pharmacokinetic factors
Competition for protein binding sites alteration of extracellular pH – used for overdose, or poisoning alkalinize urine to excrete acidic drugs.
An adverse effect of a drug is a reaction to the drug that is not expected and can be life threatening. An adverse effect is something that we don't expect or want. An example of an adverse effect is: I was put on the Flector pain patch and I had severe edema in my extremities.
A side effect is something that occurs in a high percent, an example would be you take a drug and it causes dry mouth in many of the patients that take
it.