Blood Pressure Lab Report
This experiment involves measuring and identifying the change in blood pressure. In this experiment, measurements of systolic arterial pressure, diastole arteriole pressure, and pulse rate were recorded and observed. The effects of changes in the body were observed and measured during body positioning, exercise, and cognitive stress. The purpose of this lab experiment was to test multiple variables that can have an effect on blood pressure and pulse. As stated, the following variables that were tested were changes in posture, exercise, and a cognitive stressor that involved spelling forward and backwards.
“Blood pressure is defined as the pressure that blood exerts against any unit area of the walls blood vessels or a chamber of the heart.” …show more content…
(Marieb et. al 2012) The rate that blood flows through the body is being examined in the lab, factors/variables tested can either increase or decrease the blood pressure/pulse pressure. A sphygmomanometer is used to measure the blood pressure associated with the pulse. The systole represents periods of contraction, while diastole represents periods of relaxation. Systolic pressure is “pressure exerted by blood on the blood vessel wall during ventricular contractions at the pressures peak. Diastolic pressure is the heart at rest (at its lowest level). “The difference between diastolic and systolic pressure is called the pulse pressure” (Marieb et. al 2012) The force that is needed to push blood through the vessels, and the amount of resistance of the blood flow travelling throughout the blood vessel will determine measurements.
Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped out by each ventricle, each time in one minute.
Stroke volume is defined as the volume of blood that is pumped out by only one ventricle with each beat. The force that’s done by ventricle contraction impacts stroke volume. Although stroke volume is nearly constant, temporary stressors influence the heart rate, which impacts cardiac output, influencing the heart rate and contractility. If there is an increase in stroke volume, there is an increase in the cardiac output; the heart may be increased as well. The same rule will apply if there is a decline the cardiac output; there will always be a correlation that varies and relates with stroke volume and the heart rate. Homeostatic is the reason temporary stressors can influence the heart rate. Factors can be chemically, physically and neural impacting. Resistance also impact blood pressure due to the blood viscosity, diameter, and vessel length. If blood pressure rises the blood flow will speed up; if the blood pressure drops, the blood flow will also drop as. “Pressure results when flow is opposed by resistance.” (Marieb et. al 2012) . There are several factors that are involved in blood pressure measurement results the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are also factors that influence results. While the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight) increases heart rate and the strength of contraction by the cardioacceleratory center, the parasympathetic system slows down the heart rate, and decreases the contraction strength and blood pressure using the cardioinhibitory
center.
The hypothesis on each of the tested variables on atrial pressure and pulse rate are as follows:
Reclining for 3 minutes: It is expected that arterial pressure will decrease because when a person at rest, the body is controlled by the parasympathetic system which uses the cardio inhibitory center to decrease heart rate. The pulse rate is correlated and will decrease because of the same reason.
Standing up quickly after reclining for 3 minutes: It is expected that arterial pressure will increase because when a person is laying down, blood has to adjust to the gravity, causing the heart to work harder to produce the force need to push blood throughout all the vessels and limbs. The pulse rate is correlated and will decrease because of the same reason.
Standing at attention for 3 minutes: It is expected that arterial pressure will decrease because after 3 minutes, the body adjusts to the effects of gravity, the pressure and pulse rate will decline until it has reached near the baseline.
Immediately after exercising: it is expected that arterial pressure increase because muscles will need more oxygen after exercise. The muscles are more active, an increase in the amount of venous return will increase the pulse rate for the same reasons as well.
One, Two, and Three, minutes post exercise: it is expected that arterial and pulse rate will decrease from the last measurement recorded, each time after exercise. The person is now resting, after vigorous exercise the body starts to use/activate parasympathetic nervous system and through the cardio inhibitor center, it begins to decrease the heart rate. They work together to gain stability and balance.
Cognitive Stressor: It is expected that cognitive stress will increase the blood pressure and pulse because stress can also activate the sympathetic nervous to increase the heart rate.
“Blood pressure is defined as the pressure that blood exerts against any unit area of the walls blood vessels or a chamber of the heart.” …show more content…
(Marieb et. al 2012) The rate that blood flows through the body is being examined in the lab, factors/variables tested can either increase or decrease the blood pressure/pulse pressure. A sphygmomanometer is used to measure the blood pressure associated with the pulse. The systole represents periods of contraction, while diastole represents periods of relaxation. Systolic pressure is “pressure exerted by blood on the blood vessel wall during ventricular contractions at the pressures peak. Diastolic pressure is the heart at rest (at its lowest level). “The difference between diastolic and systolic pressure is called the pulse pressure” (Marieb et. al 2012) The force that is needed to push blood through the vessels, and the amount of resistance of the blood flow travelling throughout the blood vessel will determine measurements.
Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped out by each ventricle, each time in one minute.
Stroke volume is defined as the volume of blood that is pumped out by only one ventricle with each beat. The force that’s done by ventricle contraction impacts stroke volume. Although stroke volume is nearly constant, temporary stressors influence the heart rate, which impacts cardiac output, influencing the heart rate and contractility. If there is an increase in stroke volume, there is an increase in the cardiac output; the heart may be increased as well. The same rule will apply if there is a decline the cardiac output; there will always be a correlation that varies and relates with stroke volume and the heart rate. Homeostatic is the reason temporary stressors can influence the heart rate. Factors can be chemically, physically and neural impacting. Resistance also impact blood pressure due to the blood viscosity, diameter, and vessel length. If blood pressure rises the blood flow will speed up; if the blood pressure drops, the blood flow will also drop as. “Pressure results when flow is opposed by resistance.” (Marieb et. al 2012) . There are several factors that are involved in blood pressure measurement results the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are also factors that influence results. While the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight) increases heart rate and the strength of contraction by the cardioacceleratory center, the parasympathetic system slows down the heart rate, and decreases the contraction strength and blood pressure using the cardioinhibitory
center.
The hypothesis on each of the tested variables on atrial pressure and pulse rate are as follows:
Reclining for 3 minutes: It is expected that arterial pressure will decrease because when a person at rest, the body is controlled by the parasympathetic system which uses the cardio inhibitory center to decrease heart rate. The pulse rate is correlated and will decrease because of the same reason.
Standing up quickly after reclining for 3 minutes: It is expected that arterial pressure will increase because when a person is laying down, blood has to adjust to the gravity, causing the heart to work harder to produce the force need to push blood throughout all the vessels and limbs. The pulse rate is correlated and will decrease because of the same reason.
Standing at attention for 3 minutes: It is expected that arterial pressure will decrease because after 3 minutes, the body adjusts to the effects of gravity, the pressure and pulse rate will decline until it has reached near the baseline.
Immediately after exercising: it is expected that arterial pressure increase because muscles will need more oxygen after exercise. The muscles are more active, an increase in the amount of venous return will increase the pulse rate for the same reasons as well.
One, Two, and Three, minutes post exercise: it is expected that arterial and pulse rate will decrease from the last measurement recorded, each time after exercise. The person is now resting, after vigorous exercise the body starts to use/activate parasympathetic nervous system and through the cardio inhibitor center, it begins to decrease the heart rate. They work together to gain stability and balance.
Cognitive Stressor: It is expected that cognitive stress will increase the blood pressure and pulse because stress can also activate the sympathetic nervous to increase the heart rate.