Earth’s surface
● use topographical maps, aerial photography, sound waves, 3D projections and other tools to help form an educated guess about the size, shape and consistency of the oil or natural gas that lies beneath the Earth.
● plan and build a production facility, taking environmental, social and logistical factors into account.
● Out at sea, they build oil or gas platforms which are strong and steady enough to cope with the amounts of oil and gas to be extracted, the depth of the water and the harshness of the climate or underwater environment.
● Before any drilling begins on land they may have to build access roads, construct a temporary power station or install wells for the water supply. In fragile habitats or very remote places helicopters or barges may be the only responsible way to get equipment and supplies into place.
● When all the experts have been consulted, the risks have been assessed, the environmental studies have been carried out and the data has been compiled into workable maps of the exploration site, they send in the drilling crew.
● transport crude oil in two main ways: pipelines and shipping.
● choice of transport depends on each project’s logistics, economics and location, as well as environmental considerations.
● In its raw form, crude oil is practically useless. Before it has any real value it must be processed into products like gasoline, motor oils, bitumen and the chemicals that make adhesives, cosmetics and other useful products which is done in BP’s refineries. ● With chemistry knowhow, special equipment and a number of patented techniques, the thousands of people who work in BP’s refineries take in a steady flow of petroleum, turning it out again in the form of products.
● Sells fuels and lubricants at prices which vary