BPS1101 topic 1
Life Expectancy
Drastic changes over the last century.
Average 30-35 years throughout the last 6000 years.
82 years old in Canada (2009) most major improvements have taken place in the last 150 years
Canadians live in a special time in History, high life expectancy.
Causes of death
1900’s
Life expectancy – approx. 44yo
Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Influenza
Tendencies last till the 1950’s
2004
Life expectancy – approx. 82yo
Heart, Cancer, Stroke, Lower Resp. Infections, Road accidents, Diabetes.
Quality of life
Quality of life diminishes with the occurrence of disease.
Improved health is due to ; improved sanitation, clean water, refrigeration, vaccinations & antibiotics.
Improved sanitation; Better waste management (adequate sewer system), less interactions with the dead – lower infection risks, Less water transmitted pathologies – Guinea Worms.
Clean Water; Chlorination and main water supplies prevent many foreign bacteria from reaching the human being.
Refrigeration; Better way of preserving foods, Ice-Box is no longer used after the invention of the refrigerator.
Pharmaceuticals; Vaccines and Immunization have proven to be successful for viral diseases – i.e. Small-pox (eliminated in 1977) and Polio (fewer than 1000 cases in 10/11 countries)
Antibiotics; Administered for bacterial infections, i.e. Penicillin (reduced the incidence rate of maternal deaths drastically)
The North-American Drug Market
Prescription drugs ; 300 billion $
OTC drugs ; 25 billion $
US – 49.1% ^ (Can – 3.8%)
Medical Treatment
Surgical treatment; Removal (trad.) or modification of the affected body part.
Medicinal treatment; use of chemical compounds to treat illness.
Plants used as a source of drug, humans use poisons created by these plants which they use to protect themselves (due to sedentarity)
Drugs – Produce beneficial effect, poison produce harmful biological effect
Dose makes the poison, beneficial dosage vs. harmful
Drastic changes over the last century.
Average 30-35 years throughout the last 6000 years.
82 years old in Canada (2009) most major improvements have taken place in the last 150 years
Canadians live in a special time in History, high life expectancy.
Causes of death
1900’s
Life expectancy – approx. 44yo
Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Influenza
Tendencies last till the 1950’s
2004
Life expectancy – approx. 82yo
Heart, Cancer, Stroke, Lower Resp. Infections, Road accidents, Diabetes.
Quality of life
Quality of life diminishes with the occurrence of disease.
Improved health is due to ; improved sanitation, clean water, refrigeration, vaccinations & antibiotics.
Improved sanitation; Better waste management (adequate sewer system), less interactions with the dead – lower infection risks, Less water transmitted pathologies – Guinea Worms.
Clean Water; Chlorination and main water supplies prevent many foreign bacteria from reaching the human being.
Refrigeration; Better way of preserving foods, Ice-Box is no longer used after the invention of the refrigerator.
Pharmaceuticals; Vaccines and Immunization have proven to be successful for viral diseases – i.e. Small-pox (eliminated in 1977) and Polio (fewer than 1000 cases in 10/11 countries)
Antibiotics; Administered for bacterial infections, i.e. Penicillin (reduced the incidence rate of maternal deaths drastically)
The North-American Drug Market
Prescription drugs ; 300 billion $
OTC drugs ; 25 billion $
US – 49.1% ^ (Can – 3.8%)
Medical Treatment
Surgical treatment; Removal (trad.) or modification of the affected body part.
Medicinal treatment; use of chemical compounds to treat illness.
Plants used as a source of drug, humans use poisons created by these plants which they use to protect themselves (due to sedentarity)
Drugs – Produce beneficial effect, poison produce harmful biological effect
Dose makes the poison, beneficial dosage vs. harmful