In 1983 Dr. Howard Gardner, a Harvard Psychologist, developed the theory of multiple intelligences. His theory expanded the limits of the traditional I.Q. tests, so as to account for a broader range of human potential in children and adults. The theory includes 9 different intelligences; verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, bodily kinesthetic, musical-rhythmic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential.…
In A Rounded Version: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, Howard Gardner introduces the idea of seven different intelligences, combating the idea of contemporary intelligence. Gardner defines the contemporary view of intelligence as, an individual 's intelligence test score based on his or her age with no regard to experience or training. In his words, "It is an inborn attribute or faculty of the individual." Gardner defines MI as a multiplication of the contemporary view, but with added emphasis on an individual 's ability to problem solve, or create a solution to a problem. Gardner 's 7 MI 's are Linguistic, logical, Mathematical, Spatial, Musical, Bodily Kinesthetic, Interpersonal and Intrapersonal. Each MI is paired with an example of an individual who displays in abundance the specific intelligence being discussed. Gardner discusses the idea that most intelligence 's are paired. In other words, a professional football athlete would most likely (in addition to his Bodily Kinesthetic ability) have Spatial intelligence allowing him to be aware of the opponents and team members around him. Gardner 's main reason to choose the intelligences he and his team did, in his words was, "We have begun with the problems that humans solve and worked back to the "intelligences" that must be responsible." Gardner concludes that while intelligences can work alone and independent of other intelligences, most of the time they work as a collection of aptitudes.…
Howard Gardner’s most popular theory is the Theory of Multiple Intelligences. It was proposed in 1983 as a model of intellectual capability that distinguishes intelligence into various specific theories. Like someone who learns to multiply faster than another person isn’t automatically smarter. Someone who takes more time to master simple multiplication 1) may learn best under a different approach, 2) may be better in a different area of studies, 3) may be looking at and understanding the multiplication process at a deeper level, or as an entirely different method. A deeper understanding can look like slowness and can hide the mathematical intelligence possibly higher than that of the other child.…
Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences utilizes aspects of cognitive and developmental psychology, anthropology, and sociology to explain the human intellect. Although Gardner had been working towards the concept of Multiple Intelligences for many years prior, the theory was introduced in 1983, with Gardner's book, Frames of Mind.…
In developing his theory, Gardner (1983) attempted to rectify some of the errors of earlier psychologists who "all ignore[d] biology; all fail[ed] to come to grips with the higher levels of creativity; and all [were] insensitive to the range of roles highlighted in human society" (p. 24). So, Gardner based his own theory of intelligence on biological…
Gardner believed in multiple intelligences, which included eight aspects including spatial, linguistic, logic, math related, bodily kinesthetic, musical interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. Multiple intelligences is the idea that rather than having one single intelligence that is used in multiple areas, we have many different independent intelligences. Breaking down all of these aspects into a study will provide much more accurate interpretations of intelligences rather than a more broad ones like Sternbergs three aspects. One flaw I found with multiple intelligence is that there are so many factors that it isn’t as applicable to the general population today. Also, Gardeners theory…
Howard Gardner on the other hand has a different point of view on intelligence. Instead of one main intelligence to focus on, he has seven. "Verbal, Mathematical, Musical, Spatial, Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, and intrapersonal functioning 's" (Wilderdom, 2003). While these are all forms of intelligence, they function separately he argues. Gardner goes a different route than Spearman basing he theories on biological facts. "Premise 1: If it can be found that certain brain parts can distinctively map with certain cognitive functioning, then that cognitive functioning can be isolated as one candidate of multiple intelligences. Premise 2: Now it has been found that certain brain parts do distinctively map with certain cognitive functioning, as evidenced by certain brain damage leading to loss of certain cognitive function" (Washington U, 2002). These theories give a basis for multiple intelligences. Biologically, Gardner determines that the brain is the major player in the equation. For example; if a person was physically…
Instead of focusing on the analysis of test scores, Gardner proposed that numerical expressions of human intelligence are not a full and accurate depiction of people's abilities. His theory describes eight distinct intelligences that are based on skills and abilities that are valued within different cultures.…
Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York, NY: Basic Books.…
General intelligence is also known as the g factor. To be labeled as intelligent would correlate with a high g factor. There are also the theories of multiple intelligences, which include Gardner's eight intelligences and Sternberg's three intelligences. Gardner's eight intelligences include abilities in linguistics, logical-mathematics, music, spatial awareness, body-kin esthetics, interpersonal relations, interpersonal relations, and nature. Gardner views intelligence as multiple abilities that come in different packages. For example, in the cases of people with Savant Syndrome who often score low on intelligence testing, yet have one area of intense brilliance, such as the Rain Man. Sternberg's three intelligences include Analytical(academic problem-solving), Creative intelligence, and Practical intelligence. Analytical intelligence is assessed by intelligence testing, with question having only one correct answer. Creative intelligence is shown by how people react to new situations and create new ideas. Practical intelligence is needed for every day problem-solving, with problems having many possible answers.…
The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by Howard Gardner in 1983 as a model of intelligence that differentiates intelligence into various specific (primarily sensory) modalities[disambiguation needed], rather than seeing it as dominated by a single general ability.…
In this paper I will compare and contrast Spearman 's Model of Intelligence and Gardner 's Multiple Intelligence models. One theory of intelligence states that there is one general school of thought and the other theory believes there are multiple schools of thought. Spearman 's general ability, or a "g" factor, believe that this is the only factor that measures intelligence, whereas, Gardner 's multiple intelligence believes there are more than one factor (Wade & Tavris, 2006, pp. 322 & 328).…
In 1983, Howard Gardner, a Harvard University professor, changed the way people perceive intelligence and learning with his theory of Multiple Intelligences. Intelligence is an ability to solve problems or fashion products that are useful in a particular cultural setting or community. Gardner believed that there are at least eight intelligences possessed by all people, and that every person has developed some intelligence more fully than others. According to this theory, when you find a task or subject easy, you are probably using a more fully developed intelligence. Using a less developed intelligence is considered when you have trouble. “The theory distinguishes eight kinds of intelligence: musical, bodily/kinesthetic, spatial, linguistic or verbal, logical/mathematical, naturalist, intrapersonal, and interpersonal. Gardner argues that intelligences can be isolated based on a number of criteria, including their neurological independence, the presence of savants (who are severely deficient in major intellectual respects but have pockets of giftedness), and their different developmental courses. Someone could be a brilliant mathematician but inhabit the lowest percentiles of interpersonal intelligence.” (Kowalski & Western, 2009.) To learn successfully, one would need to maximize their strengths and compensate for the weaknesses.…
Intelligence testing can be used for many different reasons; such as job selection and identifying learning disabilities among children. Spearman and his general intelligences theory believed in the measuring of intelligence based on intelligences testing; whereas Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory focused on several intelligences which he believe could not be measured by a standard intelligence test. Intelligence tests are effective when it comes to identifying potential employees, identifying learning disorders in children and they are currently the best way to measure ones intelligence.…
References: Brualdi, A, C. (1996) 'Multiple Intelligences: Gardner 's Theory. ERIC Digest ', Eric Digests, http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed410226.html…