References: Boyd, Robert, & Silk, Joan B. (2006). How Humans Evolved (4th ed.). New York: W W Norton & Company.
References: Boyd, Robert, & Silk, Joan B. (2006). How Humans Evolved (4th ed.). New York: W W Norton & Company.
Over decades, many Americans reject the ideas of evolution and there were many arguments against the theory of human evolution. However, in order to understand how the human developed, we must look at the human evolution. For many centuries, we have been curious about our origins and our human bodies structure. How we got to be the kind of species we are today, such as the way we look; walking upright on two legs, our hands has five fingers, the size of our brain and teeth, and what makes us a unique species. Our animal ancestors have shaped our body structure in many ways, we humans have a lot in common than you might think with apes, reptiles and even fish.…
Sexual selection can be used to explain certain characteristics or behaviours which increase an individual’s reproductive success. These characteristics may get exaggerated over evolutionary time. In humans, these characteristics may include good physical and mental health, as well as physical features such as good looks etc. these characteristics are attractive because they show an ability to reproduce and pass on these genes to offspring. There are two types of sexual selection, intrasexual and intersexual. Intrasexual selection is the evolution of characteristics that enable an individual to compete with their rivals whereas intersexual selection is the evolution of characteristics that are attractive to a mate. An example of this would be a peacock’s tail. The peacock with the ‘best’ tail (longest and brightest etc.) is considered to be more attractive to the peahen and therefore he is more likely to reproduce and pass on his genes to the next generation. Buss, 1989, found evidence to support this. Over 10000 participants across 37 different cultures took part in his study on differences in intersexual selection. Questionnaires were given to the participants, asking about preferences for variables such as marriage, age differences, characteristics etc. He found that women valued qualities such as ambition and industriousness in men – qualities showing their financial potential. He also found that men valued youth and physical attractiveness more highly than women. This suggests that males look for qualities associated with fertility in line with evolutionary predictions. He concluded that women have evolved to select mates who can provide resources for themselves and their offspring. Buss’ study had over 10000 participants and therefore has credibility, however the participants may have not given a truthful answer and instead given one they thought would appear more…
Ridley says that in the past 100,000 years the human species has hardly evolved, therefore our psychology is similar to when we were hunter gatherers. This means that males have to find ways to ensure their reproductive success, and a way to attract females is to show that they have the right characteristics and traits. Some examples of characteristics are wealth, intelligence and strength. They can show wealth by having expensive items like cars and watches and phones. Intelligence can be shown by having a good job, and strength can be shown by going to the gym, or performing manly tasks. Women are driven to secure the best genes possible, and want to be protected by a powerful man so their children have the highest chance of surviving.…
Darwin, Charles. "The Origin of Species." The Online Literature Library. Knowledge Matters Ltd., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012.…
Psychologists have found differences between western and non-western cultures in relationships. There are voluntary and non-voluntary relationships. Voluntary relationships are most common in western culture as you’d expect; due to urban settings and east geographical & social mobility, so interaction with others occurs on a much greater scale. Leading to a higher degree of choice of partners. In non-western cultures however it is found that there are more non-voluntary relationships. This is due to less cities and less mobility, so less choice of people to interact with. In this setting relationships are usually ties to family or economic resources. In these cases culture seems to have an influence on the relationships formed where they live dictates how many people are available for them to form a relationship with. But tradition may play a bigger role in non-western cultures. Epstein found non-voluntary/arranged marriages seem to work and found low divorce rates, and partners state they have ‘fallen in love’. In addition, people living in non-western cultures still have arranged marriages, so perhaps culture doesn’t have that much of an influence of romantic relationships. Myers et al studied Indian arranged marriages, and no difference was reported in marriage satisfaction when compared to US non-arranged marriages. Gupta and Singh assessed 50 married couples, half arranged marriage and half love marriages. They were assessed on how much they liked or loved each other. They found love is higher in first stage of ‘love marriage’ but this decreases over time, and vice versa. This suggest that relationships based on romantic love aren’t always most fruitful.…
As we human being are biological being, we need to understand our biological make up, and we can only fully understand the different parts of our bodies by studying further. This essay aims to address research methods used to study and understand how we evolved.…
Angier explores the cardinal premises of evolutionary psychology. Examples of these cardinal premises are 1. Men are more promiscuous and less sexually reserved than women are. 2. Women are inherently more interested in a stable relationship than men are. 3. Women are naturally attracted to high-status men with resources. 4. Men are naturally attracted to youth and beauty. 5. Humankind's core preferences and desires were hammered out. She goes into great depth in exploring these principles and tells us that a lot of these socially constructed values don't go away…
The propensity of individuals to frame organizations and set up family units is ordinary of the entire humanity. It is imperative to take note of that in setting up these marriage organizations, some type of custom is completed (Hutchinson). In addition, there are both momentous similitudes and contrasts of thought, thoughts, and imagery crosswise over societies in these customs (Monger). America is a various nation and its marriage conventions have been impacted by distinctive societies. This paper investigates marriage traditions in America and different nations.…
A pagan wedding is typically called handfasting. It was used in Neopaganism and Wicca, two separate ideologies. The proper time to hold a wedding in pagan culture is mid-January to February.…
This course is a survey of human evolution, variation and adaptation. Emphasis is placed on the study of primates, human heredity, variability of modern populations and fossil records of early hominins and hominines. This course is the basis for advanced courses in Life and/or Behavioral Sciences or students majoring in Anthropology.…
Bibliography: Bellah, Robert N. Religion in Human Evolution: From the Paleolithic to the Axial Age.…
Is there really anything behind the book of Genesis in the Bible? Is there anything behind all the stories of creation science? How can you be sure? You cannot. The theories involved with creation science are backed up only by faith in myths that can be easily diminished through scientific fact. There is not enough information to support creation science, and the theory of naturalistic evolution is undoubtedly correct.…
Studies conducted by evolutionary psychologist show that males are more violent and socially dominant than females. Due to the need to be certain that males are reproducing heirs, they are more sexually jealous and possessive than females. Males are much more inclined to be promiscuous than females. They tend to be more interested in the youth and beauty of a woman, rather than the older and much mature woman. Evolutionary psychologists believe that the reason males favor youthful woman this is due to the fact that youthful woman symbolize fertility.…
The authors begin this chapter by defining mate selection as process by which unmarried couples get to choose who they will marry. They proceed to distinguishing mate selection in traditional cultures versus modern cultures. In traditional cultures, families have the power to select their children’s spouses. In this kind of selection, the spouse comes mostly from their extended families depending on who they see as the fittest partner for their child. On the other hand, in the modern era, the two young people get involved in the process of selecting who they will marry. Additionally, in this era people believe that finding a mate is mainly about personal attraction and romantic love. The authors also go on to…
"Introduction to Human Evolution." Human Evolution by The Smithsonian Institution 's Human Origins Program. The Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 06 Feb. 2014. Web. 08 Feb. 2014.…