British Intervention
Expansion of British colonization
• Motive : economy.
• Facilitated by internal problems of the states.
1841 – James Brooke took over Sarawak
1874 – British intervention in Perak
1874 – Selangor received British advisor
1875 – Sultan of Brunei gave up his territory in Sabah to the British
1888 – British intervention in Pahang
1909 – Bangkok Treaty : Siam gave up Kedah, Perlish, Kelantan, Terengganu to the
British
1914 – Johor received British advisor
Major factors of British colonisation
a. Economy
• British need raw material (tin, agricultural products) for industry due to the Industrial Revolution
• investment by English businessmen especially in mining.
a. Fear of other western powers
• in 1870’s , Italy, France, German, Russia competing to occupy countries to get raw material supply
a. Situation of anarchy (lawlessness, social and political disorder, no government order):-
i. civil war between rulers and noblemen over throne and territory (Perak, Selangor, Sungai Ujung, Pahang) ii. wars between Chinese secret societies iii. pirate activity at Straits of Malacca
BRITISH ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM
Resident System
• the British advisor to the Malay rulers :-
a. 1874 – Perak, Selangor, Sungai Ujung
b. 1888 – Pahang
c. 1895 – whole of Negeri Sembilan
d. 1914 – Johor
• effects :-
a. Politic : traditional ruling system destroyed;
• Rulers and noblemen : no absolute power (only on religion and customs)
• Resident : too powerful, brought in own system
a. Economy :-
• encouraged investment
• tin mining developed
• introduction of new crops (coffee and rubber)
• urbanization
• no uniformity and balance in wealth distribution between states : more investment in mining areas and towns, therefore causing monopoly by foreign investors and immigrants, locals left behind
a. social :-
• rapid infrastructure development eg. transport, health, telegraph, port, water supply, electricity, schools etc, but only at areas
• Motive : economy.
• Facilitated by internal problems of the states.
1841 – James Brooke took over Sarawak
1874 – British intervention in Perak
1874 – Selangor received British advisor
1875 – Sultan of Brunei gave up his territory in Sabah to the British
1888 – British intervention in Pahang
1909 – Bangkok Treaty : Siam gave up Kedah, Perlish, Kelantan, Terengganu to the
British
1914 – Johor received British advisor
Major factors of British colonisation
a. Economy
• British need raw material (tin, agricultural products) for industry due to the Industrial Revolution
• investment by English businessmen especially in mining.
a. Fear of other western powers
• in 1870’s , Italy, France, German, Russia competing to occupy countries to get raw material supply
a. Situation of anarchy (lawlessness, social and political disorder, no government order):-
i. civil war between rulers and noblemen over throne and territory (Perak, Selangor, Sungai Ujung, Pahang) ii. wars between Chinese secret societies iii. pirate activity at Straits of Malacca
BRITISH ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM
Resident System
• the British advisor to the Malay rulers :-
a. 1874 – Perak, Selangor, Sungai Ujung
b. 1888 – Pahang
c. 1895 – whole of Negeri Sembilan
d. 1914 – Johor
• effects :-
a. Politic : traditional ruling system destroyed;
• Rulers and noblemen : no absolute power (only on religion and customs)
• Resident : too powerful, brought in own system
a. Economy :-
• encouraged investment
• tin mining developed
• introduction of new crops (coffee and rubber)
• urbanization
• no uniformity and balance in wealth distribution between states : more investment in mining areas and towns, therefore causing monopoly by foreign investors and immigrants, locals left behind
a. social :-
• rapid infrastructure development eg. transport, health, telegraph, port, water supply, electricity, schools etc, but only at areas