Bureaucratic Discretion In Public Administrations

limit bureaucratic discretion.
The doctrine that specific rights expressed in the Bill of Rights is included in the concept of due process under the Fourteenth Amendment and is therefore applicable to the states. Due process in administrative actions is speaking in regards to administrative discretion and administrative law. Bureaucratic discretion factors heavily into the administrative process, as public administrators try to put into effect what Congress makes (politically) through broad and sometimes vague mandates. Agencies are granted considerable discretion to take Congressional mandates and funds and put them into practice so as to produce a specific outcome. How public sector employees do this varies from agency to agency; but the number of variables involved in programmatic design and implementation are very complex and numerous; so judicial reviews has to be done on administrative discretion and apply law appropriately.
The history of tort liability of public service employees has and will continue to evolve. Simply, the federal and state government cannot be sued for torts without their permission. The Federal
Public administrators are increasingly involved in reciprocal relationships within and outside formal public organizational structures. Public administrators are concerned with managerial efficiency in the operation of public agencies, the maintenance of ethical standards in decision-making, and improving the effectiveness (or results) of programs. Therefore, I argue for the aforementioned reasons, public administration is a profession. Additionally, most administrative personnel are specialists hired according to merit. Simply, public administrators are typically experts in the respective fields of study.
Explain the teleological and deontological approaches to ethics, and argue for the appropriateness of either approach in judging ethical decision