In this paper, I will reflect on the operation of contracts. Business law shows how contracts may be classified in several ways depending on the manner in which they are created, expressed, or performed. I have learned a lot from this course and I will use that to help write this paper. In the following paper I will discuss the oral or written contracts; I will discuss express or implied contracts, and will discuss formal or simple contracts. I will also discuss the impact of the contracts in a business and show the true propose of contracts. I will show what is needed in a contract to be legally enforceable. I will discuss how a contract must contain the following six elements: an offer and acceptances, a mutual agreement, a consideration, a competent parties, and legality of purpose, and proper form. All of this will be discussed in depth in the following paper.…
Also, an acceptance has to be met when a counter offer is present and has to be accepted otherwise its not considered binding. Another important part for a valid contract is that there needs to be acceptance in the meeting of the minds.…
Contracts: definition; types; verbal, written, standard form; offers — distinguishing invitations to treat; counter-offers; communication of offers; acceptance; the battle of the forms; consideration and the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999; capacity as applied to business situations; application of Requirements…
Contracts are an important part of everyday life. They are an essential part of business. As a student of a business law class, I will discuss in this paper several aspects of contracts. This paper will give a definition of a contract and the essential elements necessary to form a valid contract. It will briefly discuss breach of contract and the difference between a material breach and a nonmaterial breach of contract. Examples of legal and equitable remedies available for breach of contracts will be highlighted. Also, legal excuses for nonperformance or other grounds for discharge of contracts will be addressed. Finally, three types of common contracts personally and professionally encountered will be mentioned.…
Bibliography: A Articles/Books/Reports Carter, J W, „Carter’s Guide to Australia Contract Law‟ (LexisNexis Butterworths, 2…
Contracts are essential in the business world and apply to both large and small businesses (Lau, 2011). Essentially, contracts are a legally enforceable promise to do something in exchange for something of value (Beesley, 2016). Elements of a contract formation include offer, acceptance and consideration (Colorado State University – Global Campus, 2016). Without proper formation, contracts can be invalid (Lau, 2011). The six elements of contract formation are offer, acceptance, consideration, mutuality of obligation, competency and capacity, and sometimes a written instrument (US Legal, n.d.). Contracts can be both bilateral, meaning an agreement between two parties, or unilateral, where action is taken by one party or group (Lau, 2011). This…
“To create a binding agreement the acceptance must occur, and that ‘acceptance’ must be final and absolutely unconditional. This is clear under Australian contract law.”…
Advise TLC Ltd. as to any possible action they may have for misrepresentation against answer Ltd.…
The elements of a valid contract consist of four elements. The first element of a valid contract is “offer and acceptance”, these two in combination create what is called mutual assent (Melvin, 2011). These two alone do not create a valid contract. They must contain three other element to form a valid contract, these three elements are consideration, capacity, and legality. Part one of making a valid contract is the offer. An offer is a promise or commitment to do (or refrain from doing) a specified activity (Melvin, 2011). In order for an offer to have legal effect, the party making the offer must have an objective intent. Meaning that the offering party must be willing to accept the terms of their offer within reasonable means. Part two of the first element is acceptance. Melvin (2011) stated, “Acceptance is an offeree’s expression of agreement to the terms of the offer” (pg. 33).…
Offer and acceptance analysis is a traditional approach in contract law used to determine whether an agreement exists between two parties. Agreement consists of an offer by an indication of one person (the "offeror") to another (the "offeree") of the offeror 's willingness to enter into a contract on certain terms without further negotiations. A contract is said to come into existence when acceptance of an offer (agreement to the terms in it) has been communicated to the offeror by the offeree and there has been consideration bargained-for induced by promises or a promise and performance.…
A contract is an agreement between two or more competent parties in which an offer is made and accepted, and each party benefits. When we look to see if a valid contract has been formed we look at the formation of the contract i.e. offer, acceptance, consideration and Intention to create legal relationships. This is an integral part of contract law. In England and most civil law countries existence of a contract depends on a theory that parties intend to be legally bound. The rule dates back to 1919’s where the court dismissed that a husband can be enforced to pay a fixed amount of sum he promised his wife. The doctrine of intention focuses primarily on whether both parties intend to be legally bounded by a contract. This area of law has become increasingly important over the year especially when there is no clear indication or mirror image in writing that the parties have a contract in place. It’s a matter of policy otherwise commercial agreements won’t be enforceable and doing business without a contract in place will be difficult and will raise doubt/fear among parties to enter into a commercial agreement.…
Acceptance: an expression of absolute and unconditional agreement to all the terms set out in the offer. It can be oral or in writing. The acceptance must exactly mirror the original offer made.…
Dr. Md. Abdul Jalil Associate Professor of Law Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Management International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) E-mail: abduljalil@iiu.edu.my, abd_jalil2@yahoo.com Abstract Business firms and Business corporations enter into thousands of contracts everyday. Making a formal and written contract is very important for business corporations and firms although oral contracts are accepted and recognized by law. There are certain rules on making a valid formal contract. If the business firms do not have knowledge of those contract formation rules and they make contracts in ignorance of those rules, their contracts would be liable to be declared as null and void by the court of law if it is referred to it to determine its validity or to get a remedy for breach of contracts by one of the parties in the contract. In this paper I have not discussed all the elements of a valid contract. I have discussed only one of the fundamental elements of a valid contract that is ‘acceptance’. In a business contract, there must have be an ‘offer’ and an ‘acceptance’, to make a valid contract, if not the contract will not be valid, recognized and enforceable in the court of law. The objective of this paper is to clarify the rules of making a valid ‘acceptance’ which may lead to making a binding contract between the parties. Keywords: Offer, Acceptance, Rules of acceptance, Communication of acceptance, Unqualified acceptance, Revocation of acceptance 1. Introduction ‘Acceptance’ is one of the fundamental elements for making a binding contract. It is essential to determine when an acceptance is complete and a binding contract emerges. At the beginning of a business contract, the parties negotiate among themselves to buy certain goods or real property. When this negotiation takws a long time, it…
The purpose of this paper is to reflect the comprehensive understanding on the elements of the contract along with its principles of the contract law. The paper is also revolving around the level at which the law has influenced the given case of James and Robert while providing the appropriate solution for both Robert and James.…
The law of contracts touches equally upon the lives of ordinary persons and the activities of small and big business. This branch of law deals with law relating to promises, their formation, performance and enforceability. It is scattered over several legislations. There are special legislations dealing with particular contractual relationships, e.g. The Sale of Goods Act, 1930, The Partnership Act, 1932. This paper will include a study of general principles of contracts spelt out in sections 1-75 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872. The remaining provisions of this Act will be covered separately in two papers of LL.B. III/IV Term - Business Association – I (Partnership and Agency) and Commercial Transactions (Sale of Goods, Hire Purchase and Bailments) and one paper of LL.B. VI Term - Negotiable Instruments, Banking and Insurance. The statutory provisions would be supplemented with judicial pronouncements. Prescribed Legislations: (a) The Indian Contract Act, 1872 (b) The Specific Relief Act, 1963 (c) The Indian Majority Act, 1875 Prescribed Books: (a) Nilima Bhadbhade, Pollock & Mulla, Indian Contract & Specific Relief Acts (13th ed., 2006) (b) J. Beatson, Anson’s Law of Contract (28th ed., 2002) (c) H.K. Saharay, Dutt on Contract – The Indian Contract Act, 1872 (10th ed., 2006) (d) Avtar Singh, Law of Contract and Specific Relief (10th ed., 2008) Recommended Book: M.P.Furmston, Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston’s Law of Contract (15th ed., 2007) Topic 1 : General Introduction – History and Nature of Contractual Obligations Topic 2 : Formation of an Agreement Intention to create legal relationship; offer and invitation to treat; kinds of offer, communication, acceptance and revocation of offer and acceptance; modes of revocation of offer - Indian Contract Act, 1872, sections 2 – 10 Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. (1891-4) All ER Rep.127 1 1. 2. Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v. Boots Cash Chemist…