When it became isolated from other Christian states, when it became unable to maintain its trade, when it depleted its environment (all of the above)…
The Ottomans conquered Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire in what year? For seven weeks in the spring of 1453, the army of the Ottoman sultan, Mehmed II, “The Conqueror,” which numbered well over 100,000, assaulted the triple ring of land walls that had protected the city for centuries. The outnumbered forces of the defenders repulsed attack after attack until the sultan ordered his gunners to batter a portion of the walls with their massive siege cannon. Wave after wave of Ottoman troops struck at the gaps in the defenses that had been cut by the guns, quickly overwhelmed the defenders, and raced into the city to loot and pillage for the three days that Mehmed had promised as their reward for victory.…
2. Why was the capture of Constantinople, in 1453, significant for both the Ottoman Turks…
What if trade could bring together an empire? One thing as little thing such as trade can have a crazy huge impact on an empire. For example Trade had a huge impact on Byzantine empire, because The capital of the Byzantine empire was a prime place for trade, Also The fairs in the city helped with bringing a lot more money and new traders to the Byzantine empire.…
In 1000 BCE, a group of Latins, later known as Romans, founded the city of Rome. After almost 500 years of it being founded, the Romans set up a republic. They gained territory by force, beginning with the Italian peninsula and then easily moving to the Mediterranean region. The Romans launched a series of three wars, known as the Punic Wars. During this time, the were able to conquer Carthage and in return gained access into Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. Even after the Punic Wars ended, Rome still managed to gain the territory of Macedonia, Greece and even some parts of Anatolia. Even through troubling times of the empire, it still managed to spread through Gaul,…
A major Macedonian building was the Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom), having many mosaics, which were the main form of Byzantine art. The Hagia Sophia was constructed in the 530s, and became the center of religious life in the empire. It still stands today in Istanbul, Turkey. A threat to the Byzantine Empire was the Bulgarian Empire, but they defeated this threat in 1014 CE. Constantinople was still an important city for religion everywhere, and the capital of the empire.” Cohn closed his statements and the interview by summarizing the fall of the empire. “The tax system was so efficient that the Empire lasted for over one thousand years. Despite this, the Byzantine Empire had a reputation for luxury and corruption. Westerns with different faiths could not be contained, as they were warriors and traders. The Byzantine Empire was not accepted as they had a different faith than most, so they became a target in the Crusades. The Crusaders looted Constantinople in 1204 CE. For a long time after that, the empire was ruled by monarchs. In 1243, they were defeated by the Moguls. Areas of their territory kept getting taken over and captured, leading to their slow…
The Persian Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC, was the largest empire of the ancient world, stretching from the borders of India and China in the east to large parts of Greece and Libya.The empire was divided into provinces called satrapies.They respected the people they conquered.The timeframe is 550-330 b.c..Persian government was a monarchy system in which the kings had the final say so in how things were supposed to be handled. The first king through 559-529 BCE and the last king ruled from 336-330 BCE. The empire was divided into twenty provinces each ruled by a governor.The economics were that they had a road system and has developed the use of coins, a system of weights, and a measurement system.They also switched to a barter system but China did it first.Also each satrapy paid taxes based on wealth and resources.A satrapy system was an administrative group. A satrap (governor) administered the region, a general supervised military, and a…
Fashion within the social hierarchy, economic and political back drop of the time was quite prevalent within the Byzantine era. As Snodgrass (2012) notes unlike the draped Greek and Roman silhouettes, Byzantine fashion introduced opulent costumes constructed along the body’s lines as “…emblems of social, economic, religious or political prominence.”…
After Basil II died, “it was followed by a period of decline during which in its foreign policy Byzantium lived on the prestige won in the previous age and at home gave free play to all the forces making for disintegration.” According to Ostrogorsky, the “breathing space was not spent in conservation and consolidation,” but it was a nice break time, although the empire had some “heroic achievements” and had a peace time. According to Ostrogorsky, “the ineffective successors of Basil II were not capable of carrying on the struggle against the feudal magnets.” “The economic and social structure of the Empire underwent a radical change.” “The landed aristocracy had won the game and the only question which remained was which particular section…
The traditional dates for the Roman Republic are 509 to 27 B.C. The latter part of this period from 133 to 27 B.C. is known as the late Republic. It is also known as the Roman Revolution. The result of this revolution was the emergence of the Roman Empire and the catalyst has traditionally been linked to a single Roman citizen called Tiberius Gracchus. The wake of his brief political career left Rome much different than it had been. Like a crack in the wall of a dam, Tiberius revealed a weakness in the Roman system of government that would soon spider out of control until it could no longer hold back the deluge of the building political tension. What was this weakness?…
tried to build a more solid senate but failed to take power away from the…
The Roman Empire was one of the most advanced and largest civilizations with their amazing architecture, astonishing inventions and many more. But Nothing can last forever. The fall of the roman empire was caused by four main reasons. Political issues or an unstable government, Economic problems, Diseases could have played a part and lastly, foreign invaders.…
Ancient Rome is recognized as being the forefront of technological innovations and efficiency improvement. The Pont du Gard aqueduct is no less than an impressive engineering feat, stretching for miles to deliver water to town centers. Roman architectural features, such as arches and domes, still remain a prominent presence in modern architecture, proving just how timeless, and more importantly, functional these inventions are. However, one notable difference between the two societies is that unlike Ancient Rome's approach to technological adoption through the appropriation of foreign territories, the United States gained its technological edge through development and research. From the invention of electricity and automobiles to computers,…
Before Justinian wrote Justinian’s Code, the Byzantine Empire followed all of the Roman laws. Over the years, so many laws had been made, some of them contradicting each other. Justinian got rid of all the unnecessary and confusing laws. The Byzantine Empire’s military was another notable part of their government. The majority of emperors who seized the throne by force did so by virtue of their skill in battle and were mostly outstanding military generals. The army consisted of mostly footmen, with some heavily armed highly skilled cavalry. Although the Byzantine Empire’s army was far from mediocre, the main reason Constantinople wasn’t conquered for such a long time was because of the massive fortifications around it, erected by Constantine I. Constantinople was surrounded by massive stone walls, with holes out of which the defenders could shoot arrows while remaining unharmed. Some other Byzantine cities had similar fortifications around them, but none were as impregnable as Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire also possessed an explosive liquid called Greek…
The Byzantine Empire, sometimes known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the predominantly Greek-speaking continuation of the eastern half of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), originally founded as Byzantium. It survived the 5th century fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire.…