For the independent variable, which is whether the participant consumed caffeine or not, and if so how much. They made sure to use a measurement of either 8oz or 12oz for their caffeine consumption. The dependent variable is the participants study habits, rated healthy or unhealthy. They also define unhealthy as procrastinating, minimal studying time, higher levels of anxiety, and less information retained from studying. They did not manipulate any variables, and stated so in the description of the experiment (Pham,
For the independent variable, which is whether the participant consumed caffeine or not, and if so how much. They made sure to use a measurement of either 8oz or 12oz for their caffeine consumption. The dependent variable is the participants study habits, rated healthy or unhealthy. They also define unhealthy as procrastinating, minimal studying time, higher levels of anxiety, and less information retained from studying. They did not manipulate any variables, and stated so in the description of the experiment (Pham,