Campbell Biology Chapter 11 Outline
Chapter 11: Cell Communication
Concept 11.1 External signals are converted to responses within the cell.
I. Evolution of Cell Signaling 1. signal transduction pathway. a specific cellular response in a series of steps 2. signaling mechanisms first evolved in ancient prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes, then adopted for new uses 3. quorum sensing. allows bacterial populations to coordinate behaviors to carry out activities only productive when performed by a given number of cells in synchrony 4. biofilm. an aggregation of bacterial cells adhered to a surface (generally derive nutrients from surface - cavities)
II. Local and Long-Distance Signaling 1. cells in a multicellular organisms usually communicate via chemical messengers targeted for cells that may be adjacent 2. animals cells may communicate via direct contact b/w membrane-bound surface molecules in cell-cell recognition a. important in embryonic development and the immune response 3. local regulators. messenger molecules secreted by signaling cell that only influences cells in the vicinity a. growth factors. compounds that stimulate nearby target cells to grow and divide b. paracrine signaling. when numerous cells respond to growth factor produced by one cell 4. synaptic signaling. occurs in animal nervous system in which an electrical signal triggers the secretion of neurotransmitters 5. hormones are used for long-distance signaling, which travel via the circulatory system 6. plant hormones more often diffuse through the cells or through the air as a gas
III. The Three Stages of Cell Signaling: A Preview 1. Reception. the target cell's detection of a signaling molecule coming from outside the cell a. detected when the signaling molecules binds to a receptor protein located at the cell's surface/interior 2. Transduction. converts the signal to a form that can bring about a specific cellular response 3. Response. may be almost any cellular activity
Concept 11.1 External signals are converted to responses within the cell.
I. Evolution of Cell Signaling 1. signal transduction pathway. a specific cellular response in a series of steps 2. signaling mechanisms first evolved in ancient prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes, then adopted for new uses 3. quorum sensing. allows bacterial populations to coordinate behaviors to carry out activities only productive when performed by a given number of cells in synchrony 4. biofilm. an aggregation of bacterial cells adhered to a surface (generally derive nutrients from surface - cavities)
II. Local and Long-Distance Signaling 1. cells in a multicellular organisms usually communicate via chemical messengers targeted for cells that may be adjacent 2. animals cells may communicate via direct contact b/w membrane-bound surface molecules in cell-cell recognition a. important in embryonic development and the immune response 3. local regulators. messenger molecules secreted by signaling cell that only influences cells in the vicinity a. growth factors. compounds that stimulate nearby target cells to grow and divide b. paracrine signaling. when numerous cells respond to growth factor produced by one cell 4. synaptic signaling. occurs in animal nervous system in which an electrical signal triggers the secretion of neurotransmitters 5. hormones are used for long-distance signaling, which travel via the circulatory system 6. plant hormones more often diffuse through the cells or through the air as a gas
III. The Three Stages of Cell Signaling: A Preview 1. Reception. the target cell's detection of a signaling molecule coming from outside the cell a. detected when the signaling molecules binds to a receptor protein located at the cell's surface/interior 2. Transduction. converts the signal to a form that can bring about a specific cellular response 3. Response. may be almost any cellular activity