Canadian Charter Of Rights: Levels Of Government
Civics
Historical Developments of Rights :
Civil Rights : Equality before the law. Liberty of Person. Freedom of speech
Political Rights : Participate in elections. Right to vote. Ability to run for elected office
Social Rights : 1960 : Canadian Bill of Rights. 1982 : Canadian Charter of rights and freedoms.
Divine Rights of Kings Since monarchs get their power directly from God, you annot question decisions of your king because that is a blasphemy. You are indirectly questioning God, and it is treason against your Divinely instituted King.
Levels of Government
Federal state : a system of government where there is a divison of power and shared responsibilities.
Unitary state : A sysem of government where there is no division of power. …show more content…
Federal :defense Provincial : Education Local : Snow removal Native :
Canada`s Constitution :
A framework that outlines the structure of government, and defines the powers and limits of the government and is the highest law in the country; all other laws must conform to it. The British North America Act (BNA ACT) 1867 was our first constitution. Provinces entered confederation at different times.
Patriation means to make the constitution Canadian.
It essentially remained the same except that it added two items : The charter of rights and Freedoms and an amending formula. Changing the constituion requires three things :
1- Approval of the federal government.
2- Approval of 7+ provincial governments.
3- Those 7= governments must represent at least 50% +1 of the total population.
Canada`s Constitutional Monarchy :
Monarchy : The head of state is born into the position.
Republic : The head of state is elected into the position by the people.
Main People :
Canada`s head of state : HM Queen Elizabeth II
When not there, Queen is represented by : HE the Goernor Gneral David Johnston
Provincially, HM i represented by : HH the Lieutenant Governor, David Onley.
Canada`s Head of Government : RH Prime Minister Stephen Harper
Powers of the monarch in Canada :
Read the throne speech, Dissolve Parliament, Choose a Prime Minister and ask him to form a government, Sign bills into law, Givve special awards to Canadians, Act as internation ambassador for Canada, Head of the military.
Senate …show more content…
Canada
Be a sober second thought, a second house to review legislation. Appointed by the PMO
Triple E Senate :
Elected : elect senators instea of appointing them. (more responsible and accountable)
Equal : Same amount of senators from each province
Effective : Must be more accountable and responsible.
Conservative : Implement EEE, but one E at a time
Liberal : Don`t fix what isn`t broke!
NDP : Abolish the Senate
Municipal Government
Pro : Different areas of the city have different needs. Representation is more fair. Voting is more equal.
Con : Best candidates are limited because of where s/he lives. Members in other words may not care aout an issue in another word.
Scale of Liberty
Extreme Right : Emphasis on the individual
Anarchy : No government
Libertarianism : A small government is necessary to protect the citizens and their property.
Extreme left : Emphasis on the Group Nanny State and Social Engineering.
Authoritarianism : High involvement of the state in the personal and economic affaires of the people
Nanny State : Where the goernment acts as an authority figure over its citizens, thinking it knows what`s best for each individual.
Social Engineering : Where the government seeks to apply its values or political agerida on its citizens.
Branches of Government
Juridicial Branch : Interprets the law renders decisions, issues, punishments. Appointed not elected. Until 1921 statute of Westminister, our highest court was the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. 3/9 seats Quebec-Ontario
Executive Branch : Administers the law. Big decision makers (HM the queen, PM , cabinet). Incudes public service.
Legislativ Branch : Has the power to make and change laws. Parliament-Legislative. Federal=Parliament= House of Commons+ Senate
Voting Systems
Past the Post : The person with the most votes wins. Do people vote for what they want or strategically, a 2nd choice, in order to block who they don`t want?
Proportional Representation : Vote for a party. The % of popular vote translates into number of seats. Pros and cons : Fringe parties tend to get seats. Produces a lot of minority governments. Representatives may knw little about the riding and riding become less important
Hybrid system : Ridings are enlarged and has two representatives. One elected by FPTP and the other by proportional. Pros and cons : You get the best of both worlds. Can be complicated. The two representatives in the sam riding may disagree with each other
Preferential Ballot : Boters list in preferred order which candidate they want to win inner must have 50% + 1 of the botes. If no one has 50%+1, The person is out, and ballots removed. 2nd choice on ballot is noted and reassigned to other candidates. Recount if canadidate has more than 50%, winner is declared. If not,pull out next lat place finisher and repeat process until there is a winner. Pros and cons : Need more than 50% to win. Philosophy tends to win.
Voting Rights in Canada
Suffrage : the right to vote
Women`s christian temperance Union (WCTU) Early women`s organization that fought for their political rights.
Person`s case 1929. Famous Five
Creation of Canada : Canada was founded by two nations, the French and English. Therefore our modern government and society should reflect and support this reality. The REVOLUTION started our modern border.
Negative Advertisement :
Focus on the Negatives of your opponent, Encourages you to vote against something rather than far something.
Media Bias :
Placement of Story : When placed at the front, psychologically this tells us it is more important than other news items.
Headline : Hooks to get you to investigate urther. They are a grid through which the media is telling you to interpret the story.
Omission. Leaving stories or relevant parts of stories out. We don`t get all the info to make an informed choice.
Tone/Language. Tone sets mood and influences the way you read the story. Extreme lagnuage like ``never`` or ``atrocity`` can be overly dramatic.
Photos & Camera Angles. Some Photos can be unflattering and used intentionally because of it. A picture says a thousand words.
Label & Titles. Using ``sex offender`` or ``pedophile`` have emotional effects than other words.
Statistics & Crowd Counts. Saying ``100 people injured in train crash`` has a different impact than ``only minor injuries sustained in train crash.``
Source. Some sources, or experts, are better than others. Many still have personal bias on a topic.
Important people in Civics :
Federal : HM the Queen, HE, GG David Johnston. RHPM Stephen Harper, CPC, HMLOL Thomas Mulcair NDP, Bob Rae, Liberal.
Provincial Leaders :
HM the Queen, HH, LG David Onley. Premier Dalton McGuinty Liberal. HMLOL Tim Hudak. PCPO. Andrea Horwath, NDP.
Local Leaders :
Municipal : Mayor, Minicipal councillors. Regional : Regional Chair, Regional Councillors.
Lobby (interest, Pressure) Group- A group of unelecetd people who organize to support a political cause.
N.G.O. Non- Government Organization, an international organization involved in relief and other charitable work around the globe.
Definitions :
Freedoms : Rights that do not impose a duty on the government. For example, citizens can exercise freedom of religion or expression without a duty on the part of the government.
Privacy rights : Rights that limit the aility of others to enter citizen`s private spaces, seize property, or collect personal information.
Rights : Claims to which all people are entitled by moral or ethical principles or by legal guarantees.
Responsibilities : Things for which one is accountable.
Mobility rights : The right to move around freely
Reasonable limiti : Limitations of rights and freedoms to which a ``reasonable person`` would agree, as stated in section 1 of the Canadian chart.
Common good : that benefits all people in a community or society.
Democratic rights : The Rights to vote and hold public office as well as the requirement for periodic elections and annual sittings of legislative bodies, as outlined in sections 3,4, and 5 of the Canadian charter of Rights and Freedom.
Equality rights : Right that protect people from discrimination and ensure equal access to opportunity, as outlined in section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Disability rights : Rights that ensure that people living with physical or mental disabilities have access to a full range of services, as outlined in sections 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Prime minisiter : The head of the federal government and lader of the party that won the greated number of seats in Parliament.
Caucus : A group of elected representatives who work as a united unit around political issues : typically along party lines.
Cabinet : Chosen by the PM from the governing caucu, these Ministers run major departments of the government such as Defence, Foreign Affairs, Justice etc…They determine government policy. In the Crown`s eyes, they are the government.
Minisiter : Member of Cabinet.
Shadow Cabinet : Stars in the opposition parties, chosen by their leader, who lead the attack on specific Ministries.
Leader of HM`s Loyal Opposition : Leader of the party that won the 2nd largest amount of seats in the House of Commons.
Question Period : 45 minutes every day when opposition members can ask any questions of the government.
Party Discipline : Decisions made by the party must be followed by all caucus members, especially when it comes to voting. It is even more important at the cabinet level and is referred to as Cabinet Solidarity.
Majority Government : When one party wins at least half the seats, plus one, in the House of
Commons.
Minority government : When one party wins less than hal the seats, plus one, in the House of Commons.
Coalition Government : Similar to minority, but there is a formal, signed agreement between at least two parties to work with each other until an expiry date.
Jurisdiction : Legal authority to make and execute laws within a defined area of influence.
Ultra Vires : (latin) Outside of one`s jurisdiction.
Intra Vires : (latin) Within one`s jurisdiction.
Residual Powers : Leftovers or unforeseen powers that automatically go to the federal government.
Disallowance Powers : Since the federal government is supreme over provinces, it can declare any provincial law pull and void.
Motto : Ad Mari Ursque ad Mari. (from sea to sea) is based on biblical scripture : `` He shall have dominion from sea to sea and from the river unto the ends of the earth.``
Goal : Peace, order and good government.
Gerrymandering : To manipulate electoral boundaries of districts to gain an advantage for one party.
Electoral District : (constituency, riding) is a district terriotrial subdivision for holding an election for a seat in a legislativ body. Generally, only voters who reside within the geographical bounds of an electoral district (constituents ) are permitted to vote in an election held there.
Rep by pop : (representation by population) it relates to the basic democratic principle of ``one person, one vote`` and that all votes should count equally. Elected representatives will be chosen by more or less numerically equivalent blocks of voters. In Canada, they work out roughly to 110 000 people per riding with notable exceptions.
Grassroots Organization : an idea of a change whereby change begins at the bottom with ordinary people and owrks it way up to government who then implements the change.
Platform : A document containing the highlights of the various polcies of a political party.
Fringe Party : a political party whose views re not widely supported by voters.
Municipality : any community with its own local government
Metropolitan Government : is a form of regional government. It may be used in urban centres with a population over 100 000.
Amalgamation : merging of smaller municipalities into one larger entity.
Municipal Council : the elected members, including Mayor and Councillors, who govern the city.
School Board Trustees : elected to make decisions about the operation of a school board.
Civil Service : the network of people who work for the government including Police, street cleaners, lawyers, secretaries etc…
Word : a geographic subdivions of a municipality with clear boundaries and from which people are elected.
Historical Developments of Rights :
Civil Rights : Equality before the law. Liberty of Person. Freedom of speech
Political Rights : Participate in elections. Right to vote. Ability to run for elected office
Social Rights : 1960 : Canadian Bill of Rights. 1982 : Canadian Charter of rights and freedoms.
Divine Rights of Kings Since monarchs get their power directly from God, you annot question decisions of your king because that is a blasphemy. You are indirectly questioning God, and it is treason against your Divinely instituted King.
Levels of Government
Federal state : a system of government where there is a divison of power and shared responsibilities.
Unitary state : A sysem of government where there is no division of power. …show more content…
Federal :defense Provincial : Education Local : Snow removal Native :
Canada`s Constitution :
A framework that outlines the structure of government, and defines the powers and limits of the government and is the highest law in the country; all other laws must conform to it. The British North America Act (BNA ACT) 1867 was our first constitution. Provinces entered confederation at different times.
Patriation means to make the constitution Canadian.
It essentially remained the same except that it added two items : The charter of rights and Freedoms and an amending formula. Changing the constituion requires three things :
1- Approval of the federal government.
2- Approval of 7+ provincial governments.
3- Those 7= governments must represent at least 50% +1 of the total population.
Canada`s Constitutional Monarchy :
Monarchy : The head of state is born into the position.
Republic : The head of state is elected into the position by the people.
Main People :
Canada`s head of state : HM Queen Elizabeth II
When not there, Queen is represented by : HE the Goernor Gneral David Johnston
Provincially, HM i represented by : HH the Lieutenant Governor, David Onley.
Canada`s Head of Government : RH Prime Minister Stephen Harper
Powers of the monarch in Canada :
Read the throne speech, Dissolve Parliament, Choose a Prime Minister and ask him to form a government, Sign bills into law, Givve special awards to Canadians, Act as internation ambassador for Canada, Head of the military.
Senate …show more content…
Canada
Be a sober second thought, a second house to review legislation. Appointed by the PMO
Triple E Senate :
Elected : elect senators instea of appointing them. (more responsible and accountable)
Equal : Same amount of senators from each province
Effective : Must be more accountable and responsible.
Conservative : Implement EEE, but one E at a time
Liberal : Don`t fix what isn`t broke!
NDP : Abolish the Senate
Municipal Government
Pro : Different areas of the city have different needs. Representation is more fair. Voting is more equal.
Con : Best candidates are limited because of where s/he lives. Members in other words may not care aout an issue in another word.
Scale of Liberty
Extreme Right : Emphasis on the individual
Anarchy : No government
Libertarianism : A small government is necessary to protect the citizens and their property.
Extreme left : Emphasis on the Group Nanny State and Social Engineering.
Authoritarianism : High involvement of the state in the personal and economic affaires of the people
Nanny State : Where the goernment acts as an authority figure over its citizens, thinking it knows what`s best for each individual.
Social Engineering : Where the government seeks to apply its values or political agerida on its citizens.
Branches of Government
Juridicial Branch : Interprets the law renders decisions, issues, punishments. Appointed not elected. Until 1921 statute of Westminister, our highest court was the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. 3/9 seats Quebec-Ontario
Executive Branch : Administers the law. Big decision makers (HM the queen, PM , cabinet). Incudes public service.
Legislativ Branch : Has the power to make and change laws. Parliament-Legislative. Federal=Parliament= House of Commons+ Senate
Voting Systems
Past the Post : The person with the most votes wins. Do people vote for what they want or strategically, a 2nd choice, in order to block who they don`t want?
Proportional Representation : Vote for a party. The % of popular vote translates into number of seats. Pros and cons : Fringe parties tend to get seats. Produces a lot of minority governments. Representatives may knw little about the riding and riding become less important
Hybrid system : Ridings are enlarged and has two representatives. One elected by FPTP and the other by proportional. Pros and cons : You get the best of both worlds. Can be complicated. The two representatives in the sam riding may disagree with each other
Preferential Ballot : Boters list in preferred order which candidate they want to win inner must have 50% + 1 of the botes. If no one has 50%+1, The person is out, and ballots removed. 2nd choice on ballot is noted and reassigned to other candidates. Recount if canadidate has more than 50%, winner is declared. If not,pull out next lat place finisher and repeat process until there is a winner. Pros and cons : Need more than 50% to win. Philosophy tends to win.
Voting Rights in Canada
Suffrage : the right to vote
Women`s christian temperance Union (WCTU) Early women`s organization that fought for their political rights.
Person`s case 1929. Famous Five
Creation of Canada : Canada was founded by two nations, the French and English. Therefore our modern government and society should reflect and support this reality. The REVOLUTION started our modern border.
Negative Advertisement :
Focus on the Negatives of your opponent, Encourages you to vote against something rather than far something.
Media Bias :
Placement of Story : When placed at the front, psychologically this tells us it is more important than other news items.
Headline : Hooks to get you to investigate urther. They are a grid through which the media is telling you to interpret the story.
Omission. Leaving stories or relevant parts of stories out. We don`t get all the info to make an informed choice.
Tone/Language. Tone sets mood and influences the way you read the story. Extreme lagnuage like ``never`` or ``atrocity`` can be overly dramatic.
Photos & Camera Angles. Some Photos can be unflattering and used intentionally because of it. A picture says a thousand words.
Label & Titles. Using ``sex offender`` or ``pedophile`` have emotional effects than other words.
Statistics & Crowd Counts. Saying ``100 people injured in train crash`` has a different impact than ``only minor injuries sustained in train crash.``
Source. Some sources, or experts, are better than others. Many still have personal bias on a topic.
Important people in Civics :
Federal : HM the Queen, HE, GG David Johnston. RHPM Stephen Harper, CPC, HMLOL Thomas Mulcair NDP, Bob Rae, Liberal.
Provincial Leaders :
HM the Queen, HH, LG David Onley. Premier Dalton McGuinty Liberal. HMLOL Tim Hudak. PCPO. Andrea Horwath, NDP.
Local Leaders :
Municipal : Mayor, Minicipal councillors. Regional : Regional Chair, Regional Councillors.
Lobby (interest, Pressure) Group- A group of unelecetd people who organize to support a political cause.
N.G.O. Non- Government Organization, an international organization involved in relief and other charitable work around the globe.
Definitions :
Freedoms : Rights that do not impose a duty on the government. For example, citizens can exercise freedom of religion or expression without a duty on the part of the government.
Privacy rights : Rights that limit the aility of others to enter citizen`s private spaces, seize property, or collect personal information.
Rights : Claims to which all people are entitled by moral or ethical principles or by legal guarantees.
Responsibilities : Things for which one is accountable.
Mobility rights : The right to move around freely
Reasonable limiti : Limitations of rights and freedoms to which a ``reasonable person`` would agree, as stated in section 1 of the Canadian chart.
Common good : that benefits all people in a community or society.
Democratic rights : The Rights to vote and hold public office as well as the requirement for periodic elections and annual sittings of legislative bodies, as outlined in sections 3,4, and 5 of the Canadian charter of Rights and Freedom.
Equality rights : Right that protect people from discrimination and ensure equal access to opportunity, as outlined in section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Disability rights : Rights that ensure that people living with physical or mental disabilities have access to a full range of services, as outlined in sections 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Prime minisiter : The head of the federal government and lader of the party that won the greated number of seats in Parliament.
Caucus : A group of elected representatives who work as a united unit around political issues : typically along party lines.
Cabinet : Chosen by the PM from the governing caucu, these Ministers run major departments of the government such as Defence, Foreign Affairs, Justice etc…They determine government policy. In the Crown`s eyes, they are the government.
Minisiter : Member of Cabinet.
Shadow Cabinet : Stars in the opposition parties, chosen by their leader, who lead the attack on specific Ministries.
Leader of HM`s Loyal Opposition : Leader of the party that won the 2nd largest amount of seats in the House of Commons.
Question Period : 45 minutes every day when opposition members can ask any questions of the government.
Party Discipline : Decisions made by the party must be followed by all caucus members, especially when it comes to voting. It is even more important at the cabinet level and is referred to as Cabinet Solidarity.
Majority Government : When one party wins at least half the seats, plus one, in the House of
Commons.
Minority government : When one party wins less than hal the seats, plus one, in the House of Commons.
Coalition Government : Similar to minority, but there is a formal, signed agreement between at least two parties to work with each other until an expiry date.
Jurisdiction : Legal authority to make and execute laws within a defined area of influence.
Ultra Vires : (latin) Outside of one`s jurisdiction.
Intra Vires : (latin) Within one`s jurisdiction.
Residual Powers : Leftovers or unforeseen powers that automatically go to the federal government.
Disallowance Powers : Since the federal government is supreme over provinces, it can declare any provincial law pull and void.
Motto : Ad Mari Ursque ad Mari. (from sea to sea) is based on biblical scripture : `` He shall have dominion from sea to sea and from the river unto the ends of the earth.``
Goal : Peace, order and good government.
Gerrymandering : To manipulate electoral boundaries of districts to gain an advantage for one party.
Electoral District : (constituency, riding) is a district terriotrial subdivision for holding an election for a seat in a legislativ body. Generally, only voters who reside within the geographical bounds of an electoral district (constituents ) are permitted to vote in an election held there.
Rep by pop : (representation by population) it relates to the basic democratic principle of ``one person, one vote`` and that all votes should count equally. Elected representatives will be chosen by more or less numerically equivalent blocks of voters. In Canada, they work out roughly to 110 000 people per riding with notable exceptions.
Grassroots Organization : an idea of a change whereby change begins at the bottom with ordinary people and owrks it way up to government who then implements the change.
Platform : A document containing the highlights of the various polcies of a political party.
Fringe Party : a political party whose views re not widely supported by voters.
Municipality : any community with its own local government
Metropolitan Government : is a form of regional government. It may be used in urban centres with a population over 100 000.
Amalgamation : merging of smaller municipalities into one larger entity.
Municipal Council : the elected members, including Mayor and Councillors, who govern the city.
School Board Trustees : elected to make decisions about the operation of a school board.
Civil Service : the network of people who work for the government including Police, street cleaners, lawyers, secretaries etc…
Word : a geographic subdivions of a municipality with clear boundaries and from which people are elected.