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capital structure
Capital Structure
Financial Seminar
DFI 605

Group Members
Nidhi Batta

D61/79041/2012

Caleb Musau Kivuva

D61/79601/2012

Tom Mbuya Odundo

D61/78251/2012

CathrineWanjiku Kamau

D61/60682/2013

Daniel Mwangi Mwaniki

D61/84153/2012

Ndiangui James Wambugu

D61/79627/2012

Submitted to: Mr. Mirie Mwangi
September - December 2013

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the
Masters in Business Administration degree at the University of Nairobi.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................................................... II
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................III
1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 THEORY REVIEW OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Modigliani-Miller Theory....................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Trade-Off Theory ................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.3 Pecking-Order Theory............................................................................................................................ 3
1.2.4 Signalling Theory ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.5 Market Timing Theory



References: Akinyomi, O.J. & Olagunju, A. (2013).Determinants of Capital Structure in Nigeria. Akerlof, G.A. (1970). The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism Baker, M. & Wurgler, J. (2002). Market Timing and Capital Structure. The Journal of Finance, 57(1), 1–32. Barberis, N. & Thaler, R. (2002). A Survey of Behavioral Finance. The National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no Berger, P., Ofek, E., Yermack, D., 1997. Managerial entrenchment and capital structure decisions Bhattacharya, S. (1988). Corporate finance and the legacy of Miller and Modigliani. Journal of Economic Perspectives 2, 135- 148. Brennan, M. & Kraus, A. (1987). Efficient financing under information asymmetry. Journal of Finance 42, 1225-1243. Chitiavi, M.S., Musiega, M.G., Alala, O.B., Douglas, M. and Christopher, M.O. (2013). Collins S. O., Filibus E. I. & Clement A. A. (2012). Corporate Capital Structure and Corporate Market Value: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria Donaldson, G. (1961). Corporate Debt Capacity: A Study of Corporate Debt Policy and the Determination of Corporate Debt Capacity Elsas, R. & Florysiak, D. (2008). Empirical Capital Structure Research: New Ideas, Recent Evidence, and Methodological Issues Ellul, A. (2008), „Control Motivations and Capital Structure Decisions‟, Working paper, Social Science Research Network, 61 pages. Fama, E. (1980). Agency Problems and the Theory of the Firm. Journal of Political Economy 288-307. Frank, M. Z., & Goyal, V. K. (2005). Trade-off and Pecking Order Theories of Debt. Graham J.R. & Harvey C.R. (2001). The theory and practice of corporate finance: evidence from the field Harris, M. & Raviv, A. (1988). Corporate Governance: Voting Rights and Majority Rules. Harris, M., and Raviv, A., (1991). The theory of capital structure. Journal of Finance 46, 297-355. Hassani, M & Sabet, E. (2013). The examination of signaling theory versus pecking order theory: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange Heinkel R. (1982). A Theory of Capital Structure Relevance under Imperfect Information. Journal of Finance 37 (5), 1141-1150. Hovakimian, A., Kayhan, A. & Titman, S. (2001). The Debt – Equity Choice. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 36(1), 1-24. Jensen, M.C. (1986). Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance and takeovers. Jensen, M. C. & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure Jiang, J. & Jiranyakul, K. (2013). Capital Structure, Cost of Debt and Dividend Payout of Firms in New York and Shanghai Stock Exchanges Kayhan, A. & Titman, S. (2007). Firms ' histories and their capital structures. Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, 83(1), 1-32. Kibet, B., Neddy, S., Koskei, I., & Kibet, J. (2013). The Effect of Capital Structure on Share Price on Listed Firms In Kenya – A Case of Energy Listed Firms Kisgen, D. J. (2006). Credit Ratings and Capital Structure. Journal of Finance 61(3), 1035-1072. Kraus, A. & Litzenberger, R. (1973). A state-preference model of optimal financial leverage. of external finance. Journal of Finance 52, 1131-1150. Lana, J., Martins, F.F., Marcon, R. and Xavier, W.G. (2013). The Impact of Cross-Listing on Firms Capital Structure: Evidence from Brazil. Leland, H.E.& David H. P. (1977). Information asymmetries, financial structure, and financial intermediation Malcolm B. & Wurgler, J. (2000). The Equity Share in New Issues and Aggregate Stock Returns Mackay P. & Phillips, G. M. (2005). How Does Industry Affect Firm Financial Structure. Oxford Journals, 18(4), 1433-1466. Masulis, R.W. (1988) The Impact of Capital Structure Change on firm Value: Some Estimates Miller, M. H. (1977). Debt and taxes. The Journal of Finance, 32(2), 261-275. Modigliani, F. & Miller, M. H. (1958). The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment Modigliani, F. & Miller, M. H. (1963). Corporate Income Taxes and the Cost of Capital: A Correction Musiega, M.G., Chitiavi, M.S., Alala, O.B., Douglas, M. and Rueben, R. (2013). Capital Structure And Performance: Evidence From Listed Non-Financial Firms On Nairobi Myers, C., Majluf, N.S. (1984). Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not Myers, S. C. (1977). Determinants of Corporate Borrowing. Journal of Financial Economics, 5, 147-175. Myers, S. C. (1984). The capital structure puzzle. Journal of Finance, 39(3), 575-592. Neus, W. & Walter, A. (2008). Lines of research in fifty years of corporate financial theory. O 'Brien, J. P., David, P., Yoshikawa, T. and Delios, A. (2013), How capital structure

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