Carbon Sequestration
INTRODUCTION
Since carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is accumulating rapidly because of burning fossil fuel, coal, oil and natural gas for power generation, transportation, industrial and domestic uses, our earth has been facing global warming, sea level rising, flooding and other adverse changes which damage to our ecosystem. To address this challenge, we need to find out other alternative ways that do not produce carbon dioxide or that reduce the release of enormous amount of carbon dioxide gases. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CSS) or sequestration, which will be discussed in this report, is a new technology that secures emissions reductions and cost effective so that it’s quite critical to long-term emission reductions to rescue our globe.
HOW WILL THE GAS BE INTRODUCED INTO THE ROCK SYSTEM
CSS is four-step processes to be carried out that are capturing, compressing, transporting, storing and injecting carbon dioxide into the storage site.
Capture
First of all, carbon dioxide emitted from electrical generation plants and other combustion sources as a flue gas can be captured by three engineering techniques. The first is end-of-pipe or pre combustion approach in which chemical processes are used to gasify the fossil fuel to extract H2 before it is combusted. Another way to capture CO2 can be done by post combustion whereby carbon dioxide is recovered from the flue gas by scrubbing it with an aqueous solution. Alternatively, the last approach uses oxygen instead of air in the burner so that CO2 and water compounds are produced from which the CO2 is easily separated. Among these technologies, only post-combustion capture is closest to implementation that could be applied broadly today, but costs and energy demands are high while the other options require more research to achieve much higher energy efficiency.
Comparative benefits of post-combustion, pre-combustion and oxygen-combustion Technology Advantages Drawbacks
Since carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is accumulating rapidly because of burning fossil fuel, coal, oil and natural gas for power generation, transportation, industrial and domestic uses, our earth has been facing global warming, sea level rising, flooding and other adverse changes which damage to our ecosystem. To address this challenge, we need to find out other alternative ways that do not produce carbon dioxide or that reduce the release of enormous amount of carbon dioxide gases. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CSS) or sequestration, which will be discussed in this report, is a new technology that secures emissions reductions and cost effective so that it’s quite critical to long-term emission reductions to rescue our globe.
HOW WILL THE GAS BE INTRODUCED INTO THE ROCK SYSTEM
CSS is four-step processes to be carried out that are capturing, compressing, transporting, storing and injecting carbon dioxide into the storage site.
Capture
First of all, carbon dioxide emitted from electrical generation plants and other combustion sources as a flue gas can be captured by three engineering techniques. The first is end-of-pipe or pre combustion approach in which chemical processes are used to gasify the fossil fuel to extract H2 before it is combusted. Another way to capture CO2 can be done by post combustion whereby carbon dioxide is recovered from the flue gas by scrubbing it with an aqueous solution. Alternatively, the last approach uses oxygen instead of air in the burner so that CO2 and water compounds are produced from which the CO2 is easily separated. Among these technologies, only post-combustion capture is closest to implementation that could be applied broadly today, but costs and energy demands are high while the other options require more research to achieve much higher energy efficiency.
Comparative benefits of post-combustion, pre-combustion and oxygen-combustion Technology Advantages Drawbacks