The cardiovascular and the respiratory system both work to get the
The cardiovascular and the respiratory system both work to get the
The cardiovascular system consists of : heart (심장), and vessels (혈관), arteries (동맥), capillaries (모세혈관) and veins (정맥). A functional cardiovascular system is vital (필수적인) for supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing wastes from them. Paths of Circulation: Pulmonary(폐의) Circuit : carrying blood to the lungs and back 1. The pulmonary circuit is made up of vessels that convey blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, alveolar capillaries, and pulmonary veins leading from the lungs to the left atrium. 2. Carries the deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs, and there by it brings the oxygen containing blood from lungs to the heart. Systemic Circuit : carrying blood from the heart to the rest of body 1. The systemic circuit includes the aorta (대동맥) and its branches leading to all body tissues as well as the system of veins returning blood to the right atrium. 2. Carries the oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, and also brings back the deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart. Structure of the Heart A. Size and Location of the Heart 1. The heart lies in the mediastinum under the sternum; its apex extends to the fifth intercostal space. 2. Approximately the size of the fist (주먹) 3. Location - Superior surface of diaphragm - Left of the midline - Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the sternum Coverings of the Heart 1. The pericardium(심장막) which encloses the heart. - Protects and anchors the heart - Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood - Allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment 2. It is made of two layers: I. The outer, tough connective tissue fibrous pericardium II. visceral pericardium (epicardium; 외심막) that surrounds the heart. 3. At the base of the heart, the visceral pericardium folds back to become the parietal pericardium that lines the fibrous pericardium. 4. Between the parietal and visceral pericardia is a potential space (pericardial cavity) filled…
Chapter 18: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of a fist Location Enclosed in pericardium, a double-walled sac Pericardium Superficial fibrous pericardium Deep two-layered serous pericardium Layers of the Heart Wall Epicardium—visceral layer of the serous pericardium Myocardium Endocardium is continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels Chambers Four chambers: two atria and two ventricles Atria: The Receiving Chambers Walls are ridged by pectinate muscles Vessels entering right atrium o Superior vena cava o Inferior vena cava o Coronary sinus Vessels entering left atrium o Right and left pulmonary veins Ventricles: The Discharging Chambers Walls are ridged by trabeculae carneae Papillary muscles project into the ventricular cavities Vessel leaving the right ventricle o Pulmonary trunk Vessel leaving the left ventricle o Aorta Pathway of Blood Through the Heart The heart is two side-by-side pumps o Right side is the pump for the pulmonary circuit Vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs o Left side is the pump for the systemic circuit Vessels that carry the blood to and from all body tissues Pathway of Blood Through the Heart Right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle Right ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries lungs…
The respiratory system maintains oxygen supply to cells and removes CO2 and water from the body. The main parts of the respiratory system is the trachea(windpipe), lungs bronchioles,nose, bronchi, muscle and mouth. Breathing provides oxygen for our bodies and humans need this to sustain. Respiration takes place in the lungs, oxgen enters the nose /mouth then passes through the sinuses (hallow place) which regulates temperature and humidity of the air we breathe. The trachea filters air that is…
The myocardium, commonly referred to as the heart, acts as a pump for transporting blood around the body via a collective system, known as the cardiovascular system. This system has various components; blood vessels; mainly arteries, veins and capillaries. The cardiovascular system has four main functions within the body. Firstly to transport dissolved oxygen, hormones, nutrients, salts, enzymes and urea to cells located around various places within the body, whilst at the same time eliminating any waste products such as carbon dioxide and water. Secondly, to protect the body from infection and blood loss. Thirdly, to distribute heat around the body to enable a healthy temperature of 37oc and finally to aid the body to maintain fluid balance. This ‘human pump’ can be regarded as two pumps. The fist sized organ contains two muscular chambers; the upper chamber; the atrium and the lower; the ventricle. The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood from the veins to the lungs for oxygenation, whilst the left side pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body. It is important to note that the two sides are separated by a septum. The blood flows through the heart twice within one cycle, this is known as ‘double circulation’.…
The respiratory system takes away the oxygen needed for the body from the outside of the body and brings it into the lungs where it is pushed around the lungs into the blood stream. The circulatory system brings and carries the…
Purpose- the purpose of the respiratory system is to get oxygen from the air into your blood and get CO2 (carbon dioxide) from your blood into the air.…
Analyse how the cardiovascular and the digestive system interrelate to perform energy metabolism. Energy is used up all the time for body processes. Energy starts at conception and continues to carry on until you die. The amount of energy you need depends upon your age, sex and your level of activity. Food provides the energy we use; our foods bring us the vital energy that our body is burning throughout the day.…
The function of the digestive system is to absorb and assimilate key nutrients which are required to maintain and regulate other systems in the body. Enzymes secreted within the digestive system have a role of breaking down food from proteins into amino acids, starch into glucose and fats into a mixture of fatty acids and glycerol.…
Gas exchange is a process done via the respiratory system to allow oxygen into the body and for carbon dioxide to leave the body through the blood cells. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs by oxygen entering via the nasal cavity, then through the trachea into the bronchus and then goes into the bronchiole which contain alveoli which is where it takes place, by diffusion (from a high concentrated area – alveoli – to a low concentrated area – capillaries) between the alveoli and the – many – capillaries surrounding it. This shows how the cardiovascular and respiratory system are inter-related because without the cardiovascular system, there would be no gas exchange occurring and without gas exchange we wouldn’t be able to breathe due to no oxygen getting into the blood and carbon dioxide wouldn’t be able to leave the body.…
The respiratory system and cardiovascular system are intricately intertwined in a complex manner, relying on one another to perform their physiological functions. Only together can they keep the body functioning through the transportation of gases and other elements. As a general rule, they are directly related, meaning when one system speed ups, the other system accompanies in an increased level of function and vice versa. Each part of the human…
1. LOCATION: Inpatient, Hospital PATIENT: Margaret Hill ATTENDING PHYSICIAN: Ronald Green, MD SURGEON: Gary Sanchez, MD PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: Chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: Chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis PROCEDURE PERFORMED: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy INDICATION: Mrs. Hill has been having RUQ pain with nausea and vomiting and diarrhea. The patient was found to have chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis and she was taken to the operating room. PROCEDURE: The patient received Ancef 1 gram intravenously preoperatively. She was prepped and draped in the usual manner. An infra umbilical incision was made; the abdomen was entered under direct vision. Two stay sutures of 0 Vicryl were placed on either side of the incision. The Hasson sheath was then inserted. The abdomen was then inflated with CO2 gas. Three additional ports were then placed. The hilum of the gallbladder was then dissected free. The cystic duct and cystic arteries were identified. The cystic duct was clipped with three white clips and divided. The cystic arteries were clipped with three white clips and divided. There was another small branch of the artery encountered up on the gallbladder bed. This was also clipped with three white clips and divided. The gallbladder was then dissected free from the gallbladder bed using hook cautery. The specimen was placed in a bag and brought out through a lateral port. The lateral port fascia was approximated with 0 Vicryl sutures. The operative area was thoroughly irrigated and the incisions were then closed with 3-0 Vicryl sutures for the subcutaneous tissues and a 4-0 Vicryl subcuticular stitch for the skin. Steri-Strips were applied. Incisions were then injected with 0.5% Marcaine with Epinephrine. The patient tolerated the operation and returned to Recovery in stable condition. Identify the correct diagnosis (ICD-9-CM) code(s) for the inpatient hospital visit for patient Margaret Hill: ICD-9-CM: __________ 2.…
a) In zone 1, a decrease in PK and an increase in PNa: In zone 2, an increase in PCa…
4. Review the hepatic portal system (what is it, and why is it good that we have one).…
The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The term cardiovascular refers to the heart (cardio-) and blood vessels (vascular). The term circulatory refers to the circulation of the blood. The heart is a muscular pump and its regular contractions send blood into tough, elastic tubes called arteries, which branch into smaller vessels and convey oxygen-rich blood through the body. The arteries eventually divide into tiny capillaries, which have such thin walls, that oxygen, nutrients, minerals, and other substances pass through to surrounding cells and tissues. Waste substances flow from the tissues and cells into the blood for disposal. The capillaries join and enlarge to create tubes that eventually become veins, which take blood back to the heart. Vessels carrying oxygenated blood (usually arteries) are shown in red and those carrying deoxygenated blood (usually veins) are blue.…
The heart can be described as muscular pump; it’s primary function is to pump blood. The heart consists of four chambers. The upper two chambers are called the atriums and the lower two chambers are called the ventricles. As the heart contracts, blood is pumped through the body with the assistance of four heart valves. Blood that is low in oxygen flows back to the heart after circulating through the body. The blood enters through veins and enters the right atrium. This chamber empties blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle continues to pump the blood under low pressure through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery. The blood is now directed to the lungs where it gets fresh oxygen. After the blood is oxygenized, the blood will have a bright red…