Cartesian Dualism: The Mind And The Mind Of Our Mind

People have bodies and minds. With our bodies, we eat, talk, breathe, move and touch the world. With our minds, we think, understand, memorize, desire and create ideas. Modern science can well explain what goes on in our bodies as a result of biomechanical and electrochemical interactions. But what about our minds? It seems that thoughts are not substances; they have no shapes or weights and cannot be touched. It is always controversial that whether our minds are immaterial souls or our minds are brains.
According to Descartes Dualism and Cartesian Dualism, it comes the following theses:
1. A human being has two parts: an abstract mind and a physical body.
2. Mind and body are able to exist independently.
3. The mental processes exist due
to the existence of the mind and exist apart from the physical processes.
However, we cannot explain the interaction problem, conservation of energy and the existence of sensations with the concepts of Dualism.
Regarding to the first theses, we can simply call in question with the evolution of human beings.
Since human beings evolved over eons, by purely physical processes of mutation and natural selection, from primitive creatures such as one‐celled organisms which did not have minds, it is anomalous to suppose that at some point Mother Nature (in the form of population genetics) somehow created immaterial Cartesian minds in addition to cells and physical organs. The same point can be put in terms of the development of a single human zygote into an embryo, then a fetus, a baby, and finally a child [1].

If the mind is not part of the physical body, then why does it still work if we slip into a coma?
If the mind exists independently, it shouldn't be affected by physical happenings. The dualists could argue that if we're knocked unconscious, the mind does continue working. There are growing scientific evidences to indicate that our brains keep working when we are in a coma. But those evidences are gotten through the exams of the real brains, but not the abstract minds. Then the dualists may successfully prove that the mind is closely connected with the brain. However, this means they basically admit that the mind is affected by the physical body and it is neural dependent, and this contradicts the Dualism
theory.
According to the dualism, the mind and the brain are two distinct things. If the mind is separate from the brain then there is a gap between them. And if the body does not contain the mind, it cannot cause the events of something physical. Then, how can the mind and the body have an efficient causal effect on each other? In fact, they do interact with each other. When you jog in the morning, breathe fresh air, and listen to the music, you will feel happy and have a positive attitude towards life. When you feel nervous before a presentation, your heart will beat fast, you may say some wrong words or forget some content during the speech. Dualism does not account that the mental could give rise to a physical event.
Suppose the dualists can successfully explain how the mind can efficiently and effectively communicate with the brain regardless of their gap.
What’s the source of energy for the interaction? The law of the conservation of energy says that energy can be neither created nor destroyed, it is a closed system. [2] The dualism theory violates the scientific theorem. The energy supposed to be changed when we come up an idea or an imagination. That is, the mind makes impact on the physical world and it must introduce new energy from its immaterial world, or taking energy away from the physical world to use for itself. Since energy is transferred, it can't be simply added or removed. So the mind has no energy to work from.
[3]
Dualism appeals to the common-sense intuition of the vast majority of non-philosophically-trained people, and the mental and the physical do seem to most people to have quite different, and perhaps irreconcilable, properties.[4] Nevertheless, there exists problems that cannot be well explained by the theories of Dualism. As the arguments above, if the mind is really immaterial and completely separate from the brain, they are impossible to interact connectively with material objects in the world of matter. It cannot be proved, with the conservation of laws of physics, that immaterial souls can cause physical motion. Based on the reasons above, we can see that our minds are brains.