Case Study: A Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Section 1- observations:
The color of his eyes and skin.
Consider that the patient is an 85-year-old male. He is more susceptible to high blood pressure, tachycardia, and injury.
Observe skin to see if there are any pressure sores, bruises, cuts, etc. from falling or other trauma.
The patient’s current energy levels.
Does the patient appear to be tired or distressed, with fainting being an issue?
Is the patient experiencing nausea/vomiting?
Section 2- Questions to ask:
When did you start feeling bad or like you needed to go to the hospital?
What caused you to want to come to the hospital or what were you doing before you made a visit to the hospital?
Have you been getting plenty of rest?
Have experienced falls or other related trauma?
A calcium channel blocker will help Cecil’s high blood pressure, pulse, and respiration rate. A Gastrointestinal Endoscopy test will help see inside certain organs of the esophagus, stomach, and the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). This will help determine what exactly is causing Cecil’s stomach cramps and see if he has any stomach condition or disease that could be causing his other symptoms. Chest x-rays, can be used to see if there are any cancers in the respiratory and cardiovascular system. It can also be used to test for other diseases/conditions. A lung function test can test to see if the lungs are healthy and grasp a better understanding for why Cecil has a high respiratory rate. It will measure the amount of air in the lungs and the speed which air moves in and out. An arterial blood test will find out how much carbon dioxide, oxygen, and acid that is in your blood. It can help figure out if Cecil needs oxygen treatment. Taking a blood and urine sample will help determine the cause of Cecil’s symptoms. A urine sample contains minerals, waste materials, and fluids. There are many other substances in urine but if glucose, protein, or any other substance is found it can be a sign of an underlying condition or disease. A blood sample can be used to determine if there are any
We came to this conclusion, because of all the symptoms Cecil has listed are correlated with symptoms of dehydration. Symptoms of dehydration include dry skin from lack of fluid in the epidermal tissue. It can also lead to higher or mostly lower blood pressure. Lower blood pressure in dehydration results from decreased blood volume and reduced blood vessel pressure. It can lead to high blood pressure by the body using available sodium to raise blood pressure from hypotension. Cecil’s blood pressure is high, so the body must compensate for this by raising blood pulse rate to deliver blood through his systemic and pulmonary circuit. Higher pulse rate correlates with higher respiratory rate and since Cecil is breathing is shallow, it is leading to inadequate breathing which explains why is O2 levels are lower than average. Dehydration leads to Cecil’s lightheadedness, weaknesses, and confusion. Dehydration leads to overheating, which is causing Cecil’s fever and his body’s way of coping with the change in homeostasis. Overheating also leads to dehydration by lack of fluids in the bloodstream from perspiration. Dehydration also leads to muscle cramps due to the fact of an imbalance of electrolytes, particularly sodium and potassium, which become low, leading to muscle cramps and spasms. Fever and diarrhea can also cause dehydration, along with dehydration causing thirst and dry mouth. We believe there is also a more complex