Fastow(CFO) earned $30 million from compensation arrangements when managing the LJM limited partnerships. This was not known to Enron’s BOD even until the bubble popped up.…
Kenneth Lay founded Enron in 1985 by merging the natural gas pipeline companies of Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth to form Enron. As a result of the approval of deregulation of the sale of natural gas by US Congress, Enron was able to sell their products at a higher price and quickly emerged as one of the biggest companies in the US. It is also important to note that, they were little oversight put in place even while some cried for appropriate regulation, which through lobbying, Enron was against. The price was volatile and they control the price of the natural gas with little regulation or oversight by the…
What happened to Enron was just its founder at the time Ken Lay was greedy and unethical right from the beginning, and that was how he steered the boat to that direction. Instead of firing traders who were pocketing profits for themselves, manipulating reports which showed steady financial trends, he managed to keep them, because they were making a lot of money for the company. So he was giving opportunities for this staffs to do underhand works and he only cared if it made profits for the company. Later, when Jeff Skilling joined Enron, he developed what Lay had…
In the course of this report, it will show the comparison of the ethical aspect of two well-known corporate giants, Enron and Bernie Madoff. The first subject Bernard Lawrence "Bernie" Madoff, Broker, Investment guru, Financier. Once herald as a financial king, he in his reign overnight turned white collar criminal, which led to a quick and easy demise. Second, Enron Corporation, known for energy and commodities, services, and well known for being a major player in the electricity and natural gas, and communication, pulp and paper company, crumbled to its knees into bankruptcy in the early 2000s. The question is, at the height of both these two companies, what went wrong. Where was the ethical breakdown? The who, what when and the why will be the focus of this report. Bernie Madoff, former chair of NASDAQ, started his parent company on Wall Street Bernie L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC, 1960 it was as the top of its game-bypassing firms who were specialist in the field of finance. Hijacked by Madoff’s firm with their signature OTC…Over the Counter orders with brokers. The company employed family and close friends that comprised of his brother Peter, Managing Director, his niece (peter’s daughter) Shana Madoff, compliance officer and attorney, and his two son’s Mark and Andrew. It was told by Madoff’s sons that their father made damaging statements, and confessed to them that the business was a lie, that it was a Ponzi scheme from the beginning, which led Federal agents to arrest Madoff, and all those involved. Madoff told authorities that the scheme began in 1990, but according to the FBI, it was started early as the 1970s. It has been reported that Madoff’s trial of deceit led his scheme to accumulate as much as $65 billion, with a reported…
References: Dharan, Bala G.; William R. Bufkins (2004), Enron: Corporate Fiascos and Their Implications, Foundation Press, ISBN 1-58778-578-1…
Li, Y. (2010). The Case Analysis of the Scandal of Enron. International journal of business and…
Seven years after the fact, the story of the meteoric rise and subsequent fall of the Enron Corporation continues to capture the imagination of the general public. What really happened with Enron? Outside of those associated with the corporate world, either through business or education, relatively few people seem to have a complete sense of the myriad people, places, and events making up the sixteen years of Enron’s existence as an American energy company.…
A Message to Garcia is a very short book, it is about a man by the name of Rowan, and he is given a mission to bring a message to General Garcia. Rowan is responsible, accommodating, collaborative, and intelligent to act all by one’s self, Rowan is great at doing what he is assigned and does not have to be continually reminded. Rowan is a man who concentrates on completion. If Rowan is appointed a task to do, he contemplates himself to where he can do an outstanding job. He has remarkable assurance in himself and what he does. Rowan is a gentleman that you can have faith in to carry out any job from the easiest to the most difficult and extensive. Rowan puts all his determination and emotion into his assignment and finishes the duty given. Rowan doesn’t place any justification not to bring out the assignment given, nor does he use any postponing tactic to delay the mission. He used his own resources and delivered out the task.…
The purpose of this paper is consider three possible rationales for why Enron collapsed—that key individuals were flawed, that the organization was flawed, and that some factors larger than the organization (e.g., a trend toward deregulation) led to Enron’s collapse. In viewing “Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room” it was clear that all three of these flaws contributed to the demise of Enron, but it was the synergy of their combination that truly let Enron to its ultimate path of destruction.…
In 2001, the world was shocked by the demise of Enron, a multibillion dollar corporation that had thousands of employees and people that had affiliations with the company including The White House itself. Because of the financial chaos and destroyed lives and reputations this catastrophe left in its path, questions arose concerning how exactly it happened, why it occurred, and who was behind it. It is essential to understand how this multibillion dollar corporation rose to power and later imploded. Enron itself was born as the result of Houston’s Natural Gas and InterNorth, a gas based pipeline company from Nebraska in 1985. In the final analysis, the conspiracy of Kenneth Lay, Jeffery Skilling, and others, including the accounting firm of Authur Anderson, led to the collapse of Enron due to fraud, shady accounting practices, false reporting revenue, and general disregard of virtually every principle of business ethics.…
Arthur Anderson, Enron 's accounting firm, turned their heads while Enron 's management created "special purpose entities" that kept hundreds of millions of dollars of losses and debt off the balance sheet, which misled individual 's investment decisions. The lack of information led to an overstatement of profits of almost six hundred million dollars and an understatement of debt of six hundred and thirty million dollars between 1997 and 2000. Arthur Anderson was not the only one releasing misleading information, some of Enron 's senior managers also misled investors into thinking the company was in better shape than it was. During this time Kenneth Lay was cashing in his own Enron stock, which sold for thirty seven million dollars (Thomas, 3).…
Two years after Enron filed for bankruptcy in 2001, Nancy b. Rapoport wrote this essay expressing her unique perspective on the real cause of Enron’s demise. This essay catches the reader’s attention instantly, because unlike abundant other articles written on the biggest corporate scandal in American history, the author here rejects Jeff Skilling’s (former president of Enron) argument1 of what brought about Enron’s downfall. She instead uses another metaphor, arguing that Enron’s downfall was more like Titanic’s- hubris and over reliance on checks and balances that led to its demise rather than a ‘Perfect Storm’ of events. The purpose behind her preference of the metaphor ‘Titanic’ over ‘Perfect storm’ clarifies and warns readers about not being misled into believing that Enron’s downfall was based on factors ‘outside of the company’s control’ rather was caused by a ‘synergetic combination of human errors’. In justifying the Titanic as a more apt analogy to the downfall of Enron, the author offers strong arguments such as how the Enron is in some sense a larger-than-life disaster much like the Titanic. While Titanic’s failure was tied to the unrealistic faith in technology to protect passengers, Enron’s failure was tied to the unrealistic faith that formal and informal checks and balances could always keep the market honest. However, her strongest argument of ‘hubris’ found both in the top executives of Enron as well as the officers of Titanic is not convincing. As much as the greed for money is evident in Enron employees and their arrogant behavior, her equivalent assertion that the Titanic can trace the loss of life directly to human arrogance (pg 209) lacks adequate evidence. Whether her proof of…
In 2001, Enron, one of America’s leading energy companies, disappeared overnight. At its height, Enron had “a stock price over $90...a marker value of 70 billion… [and] gigantic executive compensation incentive packages” (Giroux). After being exposed of unethical business and accounting methods, Enron eventually went bankrupt. Enron was convicted of fraud, money laundering, conspiracy, and over 50 other charges. The Enron Scandal is a watershed moment in accounting because of the exposure and reevaluation of faulty business administration and unethical business ethics, the creation of the President’s Corporate Fraud Task Force, and the creation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.…
It is perhaps the most compelling business ethics case in a generation—a textbook version of what can go wrong in an organization that lacks a true culture of ethical compliance. Investors and the media once considered Enron to be the company of the future, but as its demise suggests, it was in reality not a particularly modern business organization, especially in its approach to ethics. On the surface, at least, it appeared to reject progressive innovation in governance and ethics programs and instead sought to circumvent systems that were designed to protect the company and its shareholders. The purpose of this report is not to comment on the legal or political ramifications of the case but rather to focus on the business ethics issues raised by the conduct of the company’s directors and officers, its accountants, and lawyers as it is known to date. It is meant to be a reminder that simply having a detailed code of ethics on the books (as Enron certainly did) is not enough. Organizations need to infuse ethics and integrity throughout their corporate culture as well as into their definition of success.…
Kakuchi, S. (2010). Despite gains, south korean women still struggle for equality. Retrieved September 10, 2010 from http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=51994…