Title: Shinkansen, Japan
Source:https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000127999.pdf http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr03/f09_oka.html http://konamike.net/hiro/papers/ShinkansenKL2002.htm https://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/quake_tsunami/AJ201203060001
Summary: The Shinkansen is a high-speed bullet train and has a purpose to connect people, work life and products across Japan. The current Shinkansen network has a total length of approximately 1478 miles. The safety
ADVANTAGES
Shortens the time taken to travel between cities in Japan
Easy transfer to another train lines, using only one day ticket pass
Increases regional economy such as increase passenger and image-up of the train company
Built with a build-in sockets, which makes the train more convenient for people travelling with laptops.
Benefits for railway companies such as the increase of passengers, and image-up of railway companies.
Saved energy caused by the modal shift from airplane to train
DISADVANTAGES
The cost of the tickets are more expensive than local train tickets
Some of the urban functions may be pulled out to adjacent big cities because of the convenient shinkansen service.
ALTERNATIVES
Use solar power to lower the CO2 emission
CONCERNS: ENVIRONMENTAL
Houses built alongside the railway may experienced noise pollution
Due to high amount of precipitation, operation Shinkansen may be terminated
Constructions of elevated railways are destroying the mountains, potentially leading to soil erosion
CONCERNS: SOCIAL
More than 100 passengers are likely to be killed in derailments of Shinkansen bullet trains if a major earthquake strikes Tokyo
CONCERNS: ECONOMIC
Impacts of snowstorm and other climate related disasters may suspend train services or slow down the speed of train, consuming the time taken for commuters to go to their work place
CONCERNS: ETHICAL
Japan Railway companies do not anticipate fatal Shinkansen accident in an