Casual Comparative-Research
CHAPTER 12: CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH
CAUSAL AND COMPARATIVE RESEARCH: DEFINITION AND PURPOSE
-Causal-comparative research is sometimes treated as a type of descriptive research since it describes conditions that already exist.
• -Causal comparative research attempts to determine reasons, or causes, for the existing condition • -In causal-comparative or ,ex-post facto, research the researcher attempts to determine the cause, or reason, for preexisting differences in groups of individuals o -Such research is referred to as ex post facto (Latin for “after the fact”) since both the effect and the alleged cause have already occurred and must be studied in retrospect • -The basic causal-comparative approach involves starting with an effect and seeking possible causes -The basic approach starts with cause and investigates its effects on some variable • -The basic approach is sometimes referred to as retrospective causal-comparative research (since it starts with effects and investigates causes) • -The variation as prospective causal-comparative research (since it starts with causes and investigates effects) • -Retrospective causal-comparative studies are far more common in educational research • -Causal-comparative studies attempt to identify cause-effect relationships; correlational studies do not • -Causal-comparative studies typically involve two (or more) groups and one independent variable, whereas correlational studies typically involve two or more variables and one group • -Causal-comparative studies involve comparison, correlational studies involve relationship
-Neither method provides researchers with true experimental data • -Causal-comparative and experimental research both attempt to establish cause-effect relationships and both involve comparisons. • -Experimental study the researcher selects a random sample and then randomly divides the sample into two or more groups
-Groups are
CAUSAL AND COMPARATIVE RESEARCH: DEFINITION AND PURPOSE
-Causal-comparative research is sometimes treated as a type of descriptive research since it describes conditions that already exist.
• -Causal comparative research attempts to determine reasons, or causes, for the existing condition • -In causal-comparative or ,ex-post facto, research the researcher attempts to determine the cause, or reason, for preexisting differences in groups of individuals o -Such research is referred to as ex post facto (Latin for “after the fact”) since both the effect and the alleged cause have already occurred and must be studied in retrospect • -The basic causal-comparative approach involves starting with an effect and seeking possible causes -The basic approach starts with cause and investigates its effects on some variable • -The basic approach is sometimes referred to as retrospective causal-comparative research (since it starts with effects and investigates causes) • -The variation as prospective causal-comparative research (since it starts with causes and investigates effects) • -Retrospective causal-comparative studies are far more common in educational research • -Causal-comparative studies attempt to identify cause-effect relationships; correlational studies do not • -Causal-comparative studies typically involve two (or more) groups and one independent variable, whereas correlational studies typically involve two or more variables and one group • -Causal-comparative studies involve comparison, correlational studies involve relationship
-Neither method provides researchers with true experimental data • -Causal-comparative and experimental research both attempt to establish cause-effect relationships and both involve comparisons. • -Experimental study the researcher selects a random sample and then randomly divides the sample into two or more groups
-Groups are