CATIONS and ANIONS
PROJECT
IN
CHEM LAB.
Submitted by:
BHEA MARIE MENDOZA
Submitted to: -CATIONS and ANIONS-
Cations are positive charged ions. A cation has fewer electrons than protons.
Anions are negatively charged ions. An anion has more electron than protons.
The nature and magnitude of charge on ion depend on the position of an element in the periodic table. In forming an ion, an atom of a main group element loses gains electrons to obtain the electronic configuration of the noble gas closest to it in the periodic table. This gives the ion on especially stable electronic arrangement with a completely filled shell of electrons; that is, the electrons completely fill the shell farthest from the nucleus.
For example, sodium (group 1A) has an atomic number of 11, giving it 11 protons and 11 electrons in the neutral atom. This gives sodium one more electron than neon, the noble gas closest to it in the periodic table. In losing one electron, sodium forms a cation with a+1 charge, which still has 11 proton, but now has only 10 electrons in its electron cloud.
What does this mean in terms of valence electrons? A neutral sodium atom, with an electronic configuration of 1s22s22p63s1 , has a single valence electron. Loss of this valence electron forms a sodium cation, symbolized as Na+, which has the especially stable electronic configuration of the noble gas neon, 1s22s22p6. The sodium cation now has eight electrons that fill the 2s and three 2p orbitals.
Magnesium (group 2A) has 12 protons and 12 electrons in the neutral atom. This gives magnesium two more electrons than neon, the noble gas closest to it in the periodic table. In losing two electrons, magnesium forms a cation with a+2 charge, which still has 12 protons, but now has only 10 electrons in its electron cloud.
In terms of valence electrons, a neutral magnesium atom, with an electronic configuration of 1s22s22p63s2, has two valence electrons. Loss of these valence electrons form a magnesium
IN
CHEM LAB.
Submitted by:
BHEA MARIE MENDOZA
Submitted to: -CATIONS and ANIONS-
Cations are positive charged ions. A cation has fewer electrons than protons.
Anions are negatively charged ions. An anion has more electron than protons.
The nature and magnitude of charge on ion depend on the position of an element in the periodic table. In forming an ion, an atom of a main group element loses gains electrons to obtain the electronic configuration of the noble gas closest to it in the periodic table. This gives the ion on especially stable electronic arrangement with a completely filled shell of electrons; that is, the electrons completely fill the shell farthest from the nucleus.
For example, sodium (group 1A) has an atomic number of 11, giving it 11 protons and 11 electrons in the neutral atom. This gives sodium one more electron than neon, the noble gas closest to it in the periodic table. In losing one electron, sodium forms a cation with a+1 charge, which still has 11 proton, but now has only 10 electrons in its electron cloud.
What does this mean in terms of valence electrons? A neutral sodium atom, with an electronic configuration of 1s22s22p63s1 , has a single valence electron. Loss of this valence electron forms a sodium cation, symbolized as Na+, which has the especially stable electronic configuration of the noble gas neon, 1s22s22p6. The sodium cation now has eight electrons that fill the 2s and three 2p orbitals.
Magnesium (group 2A) has 12 protons and 12 electrons in the neutral atom. This gives magnesium two more electrons than neon, the noble gas closest to it in the periodic table. In losing two electrons, magnesium forms a cation with a+2 charge, which still has 12 protons, but now has only 10 electrons in its electron cloud.
In terms of valence electrons, a neutral magnesium atom, with an electronic configuration of 1s22s22p63s2, has two valence electrons. Loss of these valence electrons form a magnesium