In 1607 King James of England issued a royal charter to colonize America. They built a fort around the Chesapeake Bay and named it Jamestown in honor of their king. The region of the Chesapeake they were settling on was already home to over 20,000 Algonquian Indians. Their leader, Powhatan, immediately confronted the new English settlers asking them to establish an alliance. Powhatan believed that he could stat a valuable trade with the English and also help support them as they begin to settle. The Jamestown colony began to go down hill, they started to rely so much on the Algonquians for supply’s that they became unable to support themselves. Jamestown became so dependent on the Algonquian stores that John Smith and his men went out and attacked and raided other surrounding Indian villages for food and other supply’s. Powhatan realized that al the English came for was to invade and take their land, not to trade with them. So Powhatan decided to starve the colonists. During the winter 1609-1610 large amounts of colonists in the Jamestown settlement starved and a number of them resorted to cannibalism. Out of the 900 colonists that had been sent to Virginia to settle it, only 60 remained. The English however were determined to keep the colony going. The Virginia company sent more men, women, children, and livestock to the Jamestown colony. This time they were prepared to fight Powhatan and his tribe. Because the new colonists were prepared to fight and to help themselves with farming and trading they turned the colony’s failure to success. In 1613 the colonists had firm control over the areas between the James and York rivers. The Algonquin Indians were so rundown from all the warfare and disease, they became forced to sign a peace treaty with the English. The English now started to grow bigger and bigger. They introduced tobacco production. This became a very merchantable commodity. The English started out relying on the Indians to do everything for them, and they…
Also, Indians gave them trouble time to time. What Captain Christopher Newport did as soon as he landed was building a fort and trying to make friends with Indians. Yet, when he came back, he found that two hundred of Powhatan’s warriors had attacked the fort. Even afterward, uneasiness with Indians continues throughout. Nonetheless, important thing to notice is that many mistakes of settlers are offspring of the poor organization and direction of the colony. The way leaders were picked didn’t help the colony, not to mention that the council members spent most of their time bickering and intriguing against one another. Later, John Smith came to rescue by putting people to work, but that changed again when the Virginia Company came to take over. Smith’s confidence in him self and his willingness to act while other talked over came most of the handicaps imposed by the feeble frame of government. It was smith who kept the colony going those years. But in doing so he dealt more decisively with the Indians than with his own quarreling countrymen, and he gave Initial turn to the colony’s Indian relations that was not quite what the company had…
I do not agree with this historian because some of Bacon’s causes for rebellion were important enough to the people living in Virginia to want changes. Taxes began to rise on tobacco, salaries of the government officials began to increase, and no servants were selected to the council after 1640. In 1675 colonists ordered Governor Berkeley to return with an army after killings by the Indians alongside the Fall Line (The line marking the waterfalls of nearly parallel rivers). In March of 1676 the representatives announced war on “all such Indians who … shall be discovered to have committed murders … and depredation” (Hollitz, 23). Trading with Indians was also now illegal which placed even more economic stress on those traders that needed Indian products to survive. Nathaniel Bacon had a cause for the rebellion after one of his supervisors was killed in a Susquehanna attack.…
* Nathaniel Bacon, an aristocrat in western Virginia and member of House of Burgesses began mobilizing a militia to protect whites from Indians. Bacon’s rebels opposed to aristocrats and Indians. The Powhatan Wars were three wars fought between Virginians, and the Powhatan in the early 17th c. War resulted in a boundary being defined between the Indians and English.…
The Native American tribes in the Western frontier played a major role in the Virginia revolutionary movement. The elite Virginian gentry?s desire for Western Native American lands rapidly grew in the mid-eighteenth century. The wealthy Virginians made many attempts to attain these lands and the Native Americans resisted hard to defend what their land. Furthermore, the British government was more accommodating to the Natives than the Virginians wished. Parliament was careful not to incense native tribes for fear of a costly war or rebellion. A British official exclaimed that Indian rebellions (specifically Pontiac?s Rebellion) were ?expensive and destructive to his Majesty?s Subjects.? For example, in October 1768, the British imposed the Treaty of Hard Labor, which resulted in the Cherokee Indians retaining land that Virginian Thomas Jefferson had claimed. Two more major British treaties enraged the Virginia land speculators. The treaty of Easton in 1758 decreed all lands west of the Appalachian Mountains to the Indians. This treaty caused problems for many speculators and farming companies. However, the major calamity to the Virginian gentry was the Proclamation of 1763. Although the proclamation did little to stop settlers from…
Aggression is something that people will experience throughout life whether they are experiencing it directly or indirectly. Throughout the years, aggression has been studied in many different forms and ways. It ranges greatly and can range all the way from destructive behavior down to an insulting remark. Direct aggression would be referred to as a physical altercation or incident and indirect aggression would someone spreading gossip throughout a group of people Aggression comes in many different shapes and sizes. Defining the term aggression has been a major argument throughout the scientific community for many years. The most widely accepted definition of the term aggression was defined by Buss ( 1961: 1) as “a response that delivers noxious…
One social psychological theory of aggression is Bandura’s social learning theory, in which he combines both social and cognitive psychology in his social cognitive perspective of human behaviour. Bandura believed that behaviour was not only motivated by psychological factors but also by more socio-environmental factors. He argued that the individual and the environment were linked, something which he called reciprocal determinism. Bandura believed that the presence of a role model from whom behaviour could be imitated was the key part of the social learning theory, and that this role model would either be similar to the person imitating the behaviour (e.g. same age or gender) or is in a position of power (e.g. celebrities or parents). Despite this the individual imitating the behaviour still needs to have a level of self confidence in order to imitate, which Bandura referred to as self-efficacy.…
Aggression is the feeling of anger and hatred that may result in threatening or violent behavior. It is also a physical or emotional expression of the feelings of dissatisfaction arising out of the comparison between what people presently have and what they believe they should have, what they ought to have or what they believe is ideal. The theories of aggression assert that aggression is the inevitable result of frustration or conflict, they affirm that aggression results out of an innate instinct flowing towards destructive tendencies and maintain that aggression arises out of social dysfunction. According to Dollard (1939) the frustration-aggression theory of aggression asserts that aggression is always an inevitable result of frustration.…
In Chapter 3 of Zinn's Book, Persons of Mean and Vile Condition, Zinn describes the events of Englishmen having conflict with other groups of people who were different from them. A group of white frontiersmen, that consisted of slaves and servants. They were colonists who had came from Europe to settle in the Americas in hope of seeking wealth. Tensions were high between colonists and Englishmen who were initially there because the British controlled the land and drove the frontiersman towards Indian territory. The British were to the east, with the Indians to west, with the frontiersman in amidst the chaos between the British and Indians. The frontiersman were taxed heavily from the ongoing conflict. The frontiersman were poor, paid poorly, and times were tough as the book states "it was a dry summer, ruining the corn crop, which was needed for food, and the tobacco crop, needed for export." (pg. 56). Nathaniel Bacon was a man who became an icon of resentment for frontiersman towards the Virginia elite who controlled everything. Bacon held a speech that held a mixture of resentment towards both the Indians and the British. The British had used favoritism to ensure that frontiersman would never become officials, they had monopolized many types of trades, levied heavy taxes on the frontiersman, and did not protect them from the Indians. Bacon then held a rebellion, which lasted…
The biological approach to aggression includes the belief that genetic factors play a role in aggressive behaviour and lies within an individual’s genetic make-up. There is supporting evidence of a genetic component of aggression. Psychologists have looked at twin studies to try and find evidence for a genetic basis o compare the degree of similarity of aggression between sets of monozygotic (MZ) twins and dizygotic (DZ) twins. In general it was found that aggressive behaviour is more highly correlated in MZ twins than DZ twins. For example, Gottesman found a concordance rate of 87% for aggressive behaviour for MZ twin pairs, compared with 72% for DZ twin pairs. However, solely relying on evidence from twin studies can be problematic as it is hard to disentangle nature and nurture. It has been suggested that MZ twins are treated more alike and share more similar environments than DZ twins due to them acting more like 'one' person rather than two separate people. This may affect how alike they are and how likely they both are to express aggression.…
Aggressive behaviour can take place as a result of an individual wanting to have their own way/get what they want or as a response to stress i.e. too much noise surrounding their environment.…
The main focus of Breen's essay the focus is on the fact that colonists in Virginia were driven and motivated to come to the New World, predominantly for monetary reasons. Virginia's soil was found to be unusually well suited for growing tobacco, which is why it drove such a variety of people to migrate there. The colonists, though said to be religious, were extremely individualistic, selfish, as well as primarily drawn in by the economic opportunity in Virginia. These attitudes and ideals are what consequently resulted in numerous military defeats and massacres. They avoided their military obligations, thus naming them the vulnerable "poorly defended white settlements." These settlements were very easy for the Indians to take advantage of, as Breen writes.…
The Native Americans were antagonistic to the colonists. “The Virginia Adventures” in document D says, “Though West was able to load his (small ship) with grain, the success involved some harsh and Crewell dealinge by cutting towe of the Salvages heads and other extremetyes.” Instead of the colonist finding and growing their own food they killed 2 Indians. This was probably one reason why the Indians would attack the colonists. On document E, “Chronology of English Mortality in Virginia, 1607-1610” there was a first ever Indian attack at Fort James and 2 people died. If the colonists and the Indians had a different start of relationship, there wouldn’t be that many people dead. The…
A person portraying aggressive behaviour may fight with people when frustrated or speak in an abusive manner. Particularly this behaviour is often shown when a person is becoming frustrated with a certain situation. For example, a boy with Aspergers may be asked to read something aloud in front of his class, however due to his syndrome he does not feel comfortable in social situations. He may feel personally victimised and under pressure which may cause him to behave aggressively towards his teacher or his peers. He may refuse to do the task or be distracted while doing the task and then become violent within the classroom after. Another example is people with ADHD, as the simplest of issues can be a blown up infuriation for them. They are naturally aggressive and impulsive which makes it difficult for them to stay calm in every day frustrations. It is their neurochemical make up that causes them to behave this way as it is different to that of people without ADHD. An example of a trigger for aggressive behaviour of an ADHD person would be if the person was concentrating on a television programme and they were interrupted by someone. They would tend to lash out or portray abusive language towards the person who interrupted them. Aggression can be triggered by frustration. If a child is unable to solve a maths problem at school then this may cause them to have a tantrum and they may fight with their peers or be violent. Also another cause/trigger of aggression could be if a child’s peer would not share a toy and this could trigger the child to behave violently and either lash out or throw objects in rejection of their peer. This could be challenging for a teacher to control, especially if that child has a condition which causes them to be particularly more frustrated than other children without conditions. Autism is a condition that often means…
still a very real thing. Slavery was a huge part of the early colonies of…