2. A move to industrialization was part of the process of change. In Russia, state support was vital, because it lacked a middle class and capital. A railway system was created in the 1870s. It reached the Pacific in the 1880s. Siberia was opened to development and increased Russian involvement in Asia. Under Count Wittle, the government passed…
5: Russia began Industrialization by abolishing serfdom and using the peasants as a workforce to work in the factories to produce new technology. It only changed economics in society because the former serfs were still treated like serfs.…
The autocratic rulership and repressive policies promoted the feudalistic style class system and prevented societal advancements throughout Russia. The world was entering a…
Huge changes came to Russia when the tsar Alexander II came to power. His reforms freed the serfs and industrialized the nation’s economy. In the past, Russian serfs were tied to the land and worked on the land for the land owners and received no pay. While they were permitted to have farms of their own, serfs had to work the lord’s land whenever called upon, even during times of harvest when their own crops need harvesting or tending. Due to Alexander II’s reforms, these serfs were freed. Once these serfs were freed, they either went into the city to look for work or out to the country to find land. Many also fled to surrounding societies to escape the Russian hardships of being a serf. Russian labor was also changed through Industrialization, also influenced by Alexander II’s reforms. Factories and railroads expanded and industries like coal, steel, and petroleum boomed. Serfs who were emancipated found easy work in factories that were booming. With new industries creating new jobs and plenty of freed serfs to take them, the Russian labor system greatly changed between 1750 and 1914.…
Many historians argue The Emancipation of the Serfs in 1861, to be a key turning point within Russian history. It drastically altered Russia’s economic, political and social stipulation. One could propose the argument that this event lead to the fall of communism in 1990, further more suggesting the extent to which this event affected Russia. Hence this is ‘perhaps the most defining moment in Russian history, with its impact being seen many years after the event itself’. Although historians identify short term effects of this event, the significance to which this event developed Russian government and society up to the 21st century has been so tremendous that they cannot be disregarded. However when one considers the argument of the likes of Louis Hobart who suggests the event was only a contributing element to ‘the social and economic transformation’ it must be asked to what extent was this event alone a key turning point in the development of Russian Government?…
The first way the Russian state was more stable in 1881 was the increased freedom of the serfs. Serfdom was abolished in 1861, and although the serfs were not completely free, this was a major step for Russia, and helped them catch up to the western countries. This made the state more stable, because it briefly caused a decrease in the number of occasions of peasant unrest, which had been increasing before the decree was passed. It was hoped that the emancipation of the serfs would mean the peasants were free to leave the land they had been previously bound to, but there were many rules that came with the emancipation decree, which made it hard for the peasants to leave, and also to increase their wealth, due to one rule saying they must pay the landlords labour service of two years before they were truly free.…
Topic: Analyze the changes and continuities in labor systems between 1750 and 1914 in RUSSIA.…
Agriculture was a crucial area which needed to be reformed if Russia was to ever be modernised. At the root of the inherently backward Russia was the peasant workforce, who mainly worked in the agricultural sector, which left Russia a world away from other European Countries in terms of industry. ‘Out of the 60 million people in European Russia in 1855, 50 million were peasant serfs’1; this was a huge obstacle to modernisation as it limited. The goal of Emancipation was to release the peasants from the land that they were bound to in order to create an industrial workforce that would drive modernisation. The predominantly agricultural workforce would now work in factories thus changing Russia into an industrial juggernaut, which would be key in modernising Russia. The reform was also crucial as it was the first step in the deconstruction of the Ancien Regime within Russia. Emancipation was key in establishing support for the monarchy, ‘in other countries Serf emancipation took place as a consequence of social and organic change’2, this meant that in Russia the monarchy had…
He fuelled a period of massive industrialisation which ultimately lead to the emergence of a new social group; the urban proletariat. This group, who had little status in Russian society in the period 1854-1894, now played a major role in Russia, meaning a change in an average workers status. By 1914, there were 2.9 million workers employed in Russia working in 24,900 factories. However, this period comes with a degree of continuity in the level of status of workers; in 1910 only half of Russia’s national productivity was industrial. This points in the general direction that, as with the reigns of Alexander the II and III, the peasants were the social class with more power. The provisional government of February 1917 marked a change for the status of workers in Russia. It was formed with the Petrograd soviet, a council of workers and soldiers. They controlled the railway, postal and telegraph services; a level of status in which workers had previously never held. During Lenin’s rule, there were varying degrees of workers status: ‘While the peasantry suffered between 1918 and 1921, the urban workers became better off…The NEP clearly benefited the peasantry at the expense of urban workers’1. This quote from Lee can be challenged, as during war communism 1918 the populations of Moscow dropped by half. This shows that workers…
There were massive socio-economic changes taking place . This created a new class of factory workers . The working class , mostly the peasants - who comprised of 84% of the Russian population - were moved to the city to work in factories . Little could have been done about this as products had to be manufactured in the country , as trade routes were cut off due to WWI . On one hand , due to Tsar Nicholas II autocratic policies, there were no trade unions,to look out workers rights. For that reason living and working conditions were very bad . Workers worked for 14 hours a day and slept in overcrowded lodging houses , as illustrated by Father Gapon in 1905. On the other hand if the workers were treated better , they wouldn't have been so quick to go against the Tsar . His epathy further allienated his…
Between 1800 and 1939 Russia underwent through a severe regime change. The people of Russia were in a state of great economic disparity, and the lower class faced hunger, poverty, etc. The lower class had very little of the grain, land, and fiscal control that was available in Russia, such pretext of large income disparity gaps and unbalanced control of GDP were the pre-requisites se in place for the takeover of socialism. And such is what happened. Within this time period Russia went through a proletariat revolution of communism aiming have the workers of the world unite and free themselves from capitalist oppression to create a world run by and for the working class. However even though they underwent this major social-economic change, conditions in Russia stayed around the same. We still saw that Russia was under leadership of a Totalitarian authority. And maintained the same economic conditions where the consumer-based market never developed and the population was largely rural and the economy was agricultural based.…
o Trans-Siberian Railroad o Foreign investment o “exhaustion at the base” 1894-1917 nicholas ii 1898 founding of Marxist Russian social democratic labor party marxists who favored proletariat, working class 1900 international financial crisis 1902 founding of socialist revolutionary party anti marxist, and anti capitalist favored peasants and violence 1903 mensheviks and bolsheviks arose bolsheviks wanted revolution ASAP mensheviks were pro waiting 1903 massive wave of strikes 1904 russia goes to war with japan Russia failed and this caused privitization and additional hardship 1905 bloody Sunday: led to mass distress in country father gapon October manifesto: granted civil liberties to Russian people and the establishment of parliament 1906 first duma: lower chamber of Russian parliament 1906-1911 stolypin assassinated A. Stolypin believed that by abolishing the peasant commune, they would be more productive B. Kulaks: new peasant class, upper class peasants, had more money and were more intelligent C. Stop division of land; title of land goes to families o Redistribute land so peasants get plot…
When one considers the effect that the Industrial Revolutions of the 19th and early 20th century, the workers whose backs bore it are seldom reflected upon. It becomes ponderous whether the revolution was a boon or a malediction upon the working class and if they were truly aided by the great rise in standard of living that hallmarked this time. Those who would defend the period would cite pre-Industrialization scenarios, toiling under feudal lords with no future beyond death and an unmarked grave. An opponent of this idea, such as the renowned Karl Marx, would state, 'The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, and new forms of struggle in place of the old ones.…
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It stretched from Europe to the Pacific Ocean and included people with diverse cultures and traditions.2 Russia was a land of disparity and contradiction by the turn of the 20th century. It was caught in between two worlds: the traditional world of the peasantry and the modern world of the westernized elite.3 As these two world coexisted, their values, culture, and way of life extremely differed. Regardless of the persistence of a rural society and economy, Russia became exposed to profound urban and industrial growth during the second half of the 19th century. 4Many peasants surfed…
The abolition of serfdom in 1861, under Alexander II, and the reforms which followed were a ‘watershed’, ‘a turning point’ in the history of Russia. After being soundly defeated in the Crimean War (1853-56), Russia was fully exposed to her backwardness in all fields- military, economic, social and administrative. The reforms under Alexander II, an aftermath of the war were undertaken to air the grievances of different sections of society. During the late 1860s and 70s, a more assertive public opinion was emerging with recurrent outbreaks of student protest and formation of a small but dynamic underground revolutionary movement, which pressurized the government for more changes.…