Cellular Respiration Project Objective Answers
Cellular Respiration Project Objective Answers
1. The overall equation for Cellular Respiration is 6O2 + C6H12O6 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy. Overall, it is the reverse reaction of photosynthesis, but chemically, the steps involved are very different. All you have to do is just flip both sides of the equation of photosynthesis, and you have the opposite, which is the equation for cellular respiration. They are reversible chemical reactions, meaning that the products of one process are the exact reactants for the opposite process. The end result of Cellular Respiration is 38 ATPs that can then be used for cellular work. 2. The four major steps in Cellular Respiration are: Glycolysis, Transition Reaction, the
Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle), and the Electron …show more content…
Transport Chain. Glycolysis occurs in the
cytoplasm.
The Transition Reaction occurs in the mitochondria. The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, the liquid-y part of the mitochondria. The Electron Transport Chain occurs in the christae of the mitochondria, the folded membrane inside the chloroplast. Glycolysis produces 2 ATP for every glucose. The Transition Reaction produces a molecule called Acetyl CoA. The Krebs cycle results in the production of only 4 ATP, but produces a lot of NADH.
The Electron Transport Chain produces 32 ATP for every glucose. 3. The Lo-carb Atkins and South Beach diets are based on occasions when the body runs out of carbohydrate reserves to use as fuel. Draining the carbohydrate levels and reserves of your body, so that to make daily energy (ATP), your body has to turn to an alternate source of fuel, which are fats and proteins. (FATS) Triacylglycerol reserves (located in unpleasantly strategic locations on your body ...) tend to be stored in adipose cells. Lipases are released into the bloodstream and break down fats in the bloodstream (from the fats and oils we eat) or travel to adipose cells. Lipases break the glycerol head away from the fatty acids in our
bodies.
Glycerol is converted to an intermediate in glycolysis called “PGAL”, and enters cellular respiration in the cytoplasm. The fatty acids are converted to Acetyl CoA and enter the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria. Still 32 to 38 ATPs are produced, but from fats, not glucose.
(PROTEINS) Proteases break the peptide bonds of proteins back down to amino acids.
Deaminases break the amino group off the amino acids, releasing ammonia. This toxic ammonia is converted to urea, and is excreted as urine. Still 32-38 ATPs are produced, but from proteins, not glucose. 4. Anaerobic Respiration, also known as fermentation, is when a partial breakdown of sugar occurs that results in just a bit of energy, enough to keep a cell alive or working for a while, but not as efficiently. In our cells, anaerobic respiration results in the production of lactic acid. In yeast cells, anaerobic respiration results in the production of 2 ATPs and a waste product, ethyl alcohol. Humans have figured out that if they put yeast cells under optimal oxygen concentrations with grape or malt sugar, lots of tasty fermented alcoholic beverages like beer, wine, and champagne can be made.
1. The overall equation for Cellular Respiration is 6O2 + C6H12O6 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy. Overall, it is the reverse reaction of photosynthesis, but chemically, the steps involved are very different. All you have to do is just flip both sides of the equation of photosynthesis, and you have the opposite, which is the equation for cellular respiration. They are reversible chemical reactions, meaning that the products of one process are the exact reactants for the opposite process. The end result of Cellular Respiration is 38 ATPs that can then be used for cellular work. 2. The four major steps in Cellular Respiration are: Glycolysis, Transition Reaction, the
Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle), and the Electron …show more content…
Transport Chain. Glycolysis occurs in the
cytoplasm.
The Transition Reaction occurs in the mitochondria. The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, the liquid-y part of the mitochondria. The Electron Transport Chain occurs in the christae of the mitochondria, the folded membrane inside the chloroplast. Glycolysis produces 2 ATP for every glucose. The Transition Reaction produces a molecule called Acetyl CoA. The Krebs cycle results in the production of only 4 ATP, but produces a lot of NADH.
The Electron Transport Chain produces 32 ATP for every glucose. 3. The Lo-carb Atkins and South Beach diets are based on occasions when the body runs out of carbohydrate reserves to use as fuel. Draining the carbohydrate levels and reserves of your body, so that to make daily energy (ATP), your body has to turn to an alternate source of fuel, which are fats and proteins. (FATS) Triacylglycerol reserves (located in unpleasantly strategic locations on your body ...) tend to be stored in adipose cells. Lipases are released into the bloodstream and break down fats in the bloodstream (from the fats and oils we eat) or travel to adipose cells. Lipases break the glycerol head away from the fatty acids in our
bodies.
Glycerol is converted to an intermediate in glycolysis called “PGAL”, and enters cellular respiration in the cytoplasm. The fatty acids are converted to Acetyl CoA and enter the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria. Still 32 to 38 ATPs are produced, but from fats, not glucose.
(PROTEINS) Proteases break the peptide bonds of proteins back down to amino acids.
Deaminases break the amino group off the amino acids, releasing ammonia. This toxic ammonia is converted to urea, and is excreted as urine. Still 32-38 ATPs are produced, but from proteins, not glucose. 4. Anaerobic Respiration, also known as fermentation, is when a partial breakdown of sugar occurs that results in just a bit of energy, enough to keep a cell alive or working for a while, but not as efficiently. In our cells, anaerobic respiration results in the production of lactic acid. In yeast cells, anaerobic respiration results in the production of 2 ATPs and a waste product, ethyl alcohol. Humans have figured out that if they put yeast cells under optimal oxygen concentrations with grape or malt sugar, lots of tasty fermented alcoholic beverages like beer, wine, and champagne can be made.