Central Governor Model
A. WHAT DOES THIS THEORY TRY TO EXPLAIN?
The “central governor” model (CGM) was first initiated by Hill, Long and Lupton in the 1920s (Hill et al., 1924a;. Hill et al., 1924b) and later by Ulmer (1996). However it was only in 2004-2005 that the model was explained in detail by Timothy Noakes and colleagues.
This model aims to explain the physiological factors that limit human performance in exercise of either short duration/high intensity or lower intensity/longer duration (Noakes2004b). According to the CGM the subconscious brain sets the exercise intensity by determining the number of motor units that are activated and hence the mass of skeletal muscle that is recruited throughout the exercise period. This recruitment can then be influenced …show more content…
2009) and in the moment-to moment changes in muscle power output during exercise (Tucker et al. 2006a). The CGM model explains this adaptations as an anticipatory pacing (Ulmer 1996) that is regulated by the central motor drive and has the specific goal of ensuring that a thermoregulatory or other failure does not occur during demanding exercise. Other models, such as the Hill model, only predicts one pacing strategy related with the accumulation of metabolite in the exercising muscles which would cause athletes to always begin the exercise with a fast pace that falls progressively until the metabolites reach a …show more content…
2006b). Using the assumptions of the Hill model regarding the accumulation of metabolites, this is not possible, as it is supposed that athletes decelerate progressively until the end of the exercise. The CGM model predicts that is the central nervous system the regulator of the “end spurt”, as previous studies have indicated that the end spurt in running is associated with an increase in the CMG signal, length of each stride and stride frequency.
The third phenomenon is the protection of homeostasis. According to the Hill model, this does not occur, as it is the failure of homeostasis that causes fatigue and exhaustion. Contrarily, the key prediction of the CGM is that behaviour modification (e.g., pacing strategies) ensures that homoeostasis is protected under
The “central governor” model (CGM) was first initiated by Hill, Long and Lupton in the 1920s (Hill et al., 1924a;. Hill et al., 1924b) and later by Ulmer (1996). However it was only in 2004-2005 that the model was explained in detail by Timothy Noakes and colleagues.
This model aims to explain the physiological factors that limit human performance in exercise of either short duration/high intensity or lower intensity/longer duration (Noakes2004b). According to the CGM the subconscious brain sets the exercise intensity by determining the number of motor units that are activated and hence the mass of skeletal muscle that is recruited throughout the exercise period. This recruitment can then be influenced …show more content…
2009) and in the moment-to moment changes in muscle power output during exercise (Tucker et al. 2006a). The CGM model explains this adaptations as an anticipatory pacing (Ulmer 1996) that is regulated by the central motor drive and has the specific goal of ensuring that a thermoregulatory or other failure does not occur during demanding exercise. Other models, such as the Hill model, only predicts one pacing strategy related with the accumulation of metabolite in the exercising muscles which would cause athletes to always begin the exercise with a fast pace that falls progressively until the metabolites reach a …show more content…
2006b). Using the assumptions of the Hill model regarding the accumulation of metabolites, this is not possible, as it is supposed that athletes decelerate progressively until the end of the exercise. The CGM model predicts that is the central nervous system the regulator of the “end spurt”, as previous studies have indicated that the end spurt in running is associated with an increase in the CMG signal, length of each stride and stride frequency.
The third phenomenon is the protection of homeostasis. According to the Hill model, this does not occur, as it is the failure of homeostasis that causes fatigue and exhaustion. Contrarily, the key prediction of the CGM is that behaviour modification (e.g., pacing strategies) ensures that homoeostasis is protected under