Middle childhood and adolescence are from ages 5-12 years old and from 13-19 years old respectively and each have their own psychosocial crisis according to Erikson; middle childhood has industry vs. inferiority and adolescence has identity vs. role confusion. In middle childhood self-concept no longer mirrors the parent’s perspective and the child is much more concerned with the opinions of their peers (Berger, 2011). Peer relationships are beginning to become more and more important and shape the child’s self-esteem. Close friendships are important during this time. The friendships become more intense and intimate as social cognition advances. Children that are in the later stages of middle childhood demand more of their friends, change friends less often, become more upset when a friendship breaks up, and find it harder to make new friends (Berger, 2011). Now in adolescence peer relationships become even more complicated. There is also peer pressure in this stage; which is encouragement to conform to one’s friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude (Berger, 2011). Selecting friends becomes very important in this stage because of the amount of impact they have- it can be beneficial or harmful. During the adolescent years, teen peer groups become increasingly important as teens experience more closeness in friendships and more gratifying relationships with their peers and teens now turn to one another, instead of their families, as their first line of support during times of worry or upset (Oswalt & Zupanick, n.d.). The number of close friendships decline from middle childhood to adolescence but the number of casual acquaintances rises. Sex is also an issue in adolescence and many of the information adolescents learn is from their peers. Teens discuss their relationships with other peers and seek advice and approval.
References:
Berger, K. S. (2011). The developing person through the life span (8th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers.
Oswalt, A. & Zupanick, C. (n.d.) Teens and Peer Relationships. Retrieved from: http://www.sevencounties.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=41168&cn=1310
References: Berger, K. S. (2011). The developing person through the life span (8th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. Oswalt, A. & Zupanick, C. (n.d.) Teens and Peer Relationships. Retrieved from: http://www.sevencounties.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=41168&cn=1310
You May Also Find These Documents Helpful
-
References: Berger, K. (2011). The Developing Person Through the Life Span (8th ed., p. 241,265,279). New York: Worth.…
- 732 Words
- 3 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
The crisis involved in this stage is identity versus role confusion (Schacter, 2011 p477). In other words, this is where they are concerned about what other people think of them. In this stage, the main groups that they are concerned with are their peers and our-groups. These groups are who they try to be like and impress as a way of being accepted (Gross, 2015 p639). Young people tend to socialise with people that they were friends with in primary school of the same gender, then broaden out and become friends with the other sex. Throughout the younger years of this stage, they typically only hang around in big groups of people. However, as they get older they will most likely become closer with another person in or outwith their group that they will go on to have an intimate relationship with (Schacter, 2011 p477). For the duration of the adolescence stage, people tend to spend more time with their peers and less time with their parents. Many of their values and opinions will be influenced by their peers as this is who they are spending all of their time with. It is incredibly important for young people to be accepted by their peers, and if they are not then this can lead to them feeling lonely, isolated and…
- 1727 Words
- 7 Pages
Better Essays -
In adolescent parents are put simply put on the back burner and friends and peers gain more importance. In adolescence there peer relationships begin to change because instead of talking to a friend once in a while when seen they instead start talking everyday and begin to form emotional bonds with other peers. They soon will for groups called cliques which are where children are able to bond together and often exclude others from being a part of…
- 1099 Words
- 5 Pages
Better Essays -
References: Berger, K. S. (2008). The developing person through the life span (7th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers.…
- 1413 Words
- 6 Pages
Good Essays -
Berger, Kathleen Stassen (2011 ) The Developing Person Through the Life Span. New York. Worth Publishers.…
- 1035 Words
- 5 Pages
Better Essays -
References: Berger, K. (2012). The developing person through childhood. (6th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers…
- 1011 Words
- 5 Pages
Good Essays -
The change that occurs from middle childhood to adolescence is arguably one of the most profound changes that children go through. Not only do children change physically but emotionally. “Adolescence is the transitional period between late childhood and the beginning of adulthood, and marks the beginning of the reproductive lifespan in humans. Adolescence involves sexual maturity in terms of hormones and physical development of the body, and is also characterized by an increase in the complexity of group interactions and thus social behavior (Lerner and Steinberg, 2004)”. During this time of transition many develop a stronger sense of self and begin to separate from completely…
- 1097 Words
- 5 Pages
Better Essays -
References: Berger, K. S. (2008). The developing person through the life span (7th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers.…
- 1150 Words
- 5 Pages
Better Essays -
References: Berger, K. (2008). The Developing Person Through the Life Span (7th ed.). New York: Worth…
- 861 Words
- 4 Pages
Better Essays -
Berger, K. S. (2008). The developing person through the life span (7th ed.). New York: Worth…
- 1192 Words
- 4 Pages
Better Essays -
References: Berk, L. (2010). Development Through The Lifespan. (5th Edition). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.…
- 725 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
References: Berger, K. S. (2008). The developing person through the life span (7th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers.…
- 1412 Words
- 6 Pages
Good Essays -
The adolescent is preparing for independence and beginning the move away from parents and close carers towards their peers. They become less concerned about adult approval and turn instead to their friends. Many teens develop very close friendships within their own gender. Most also develop an intense interest in the opposite sex. They see security in group-acceptance and follow peer group dress and behaviour codes.…
- 2209 Words
- 9 Pages
Powerful Essays -
Berger, K. S. (2011). The developing person through the life span (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers.…
- 1154 Words
- 5 Pages
Better Essays -
Within this essay I will be looking at how children's friendships change in nature as they age. I will begin first by defining what is meant by the term friendship. I will then examine theories on stage and age development in relation to the development of friendships, exploring research which suggests that the nature of a child's friendship is based on their age. I will look at conflicting research which suggests that although stage's of friendship may be categorized, that there is conflicting research to suggest the ages at which this behaviour manifests itself may not be the same for each child. Finally I will summarize by concluding how the nature of children's friendship…
- 1813 Words
- 8 Pages
Powerful Essays