Using material from item 2B and elsewhere assess different sociological explanations of changes in the status of childhood. (24 marks)…
Total for this Section: 60 marks Ideas about the nature of children have changed over time. The modern view is that children are fundamentally different from adults – innocent, inexperienced and vulnerable. Thus modern childhood involves segregation: children’s vulnerability means they need to be shielded from the dangers and responsibilities of the adult world. Childhood has become a specially protected and privileged time of life. Yet children were not always viewed in this way. Until the 17th century, childhood was regarded as a brief period (up to the age of about 7), after which the individual was ready to enter the wider world. Some sociologists argue that we are now witnessing a further change in the nature of childhood, and that the differences between childhood and adulthood are once…
During early modern Europe, children were viewed in many different ways which changed how parents chose to raise their children. During the 1500’s, the mortality rates for children were high, therefore children were viewed as if they were adults and very precious if they survived, many people believed that they needed to treat children harshly to make them strong. In the 1600’s, children were raised tenderly as they were rational beings that could use reason. Children were viewed in many ways during early modern Europe to be rational, precious, and in need of guidance where these views determined the parents’ choice in child rearing to behaving harshly to kind guidance.…
The history of childhood is a subject of controversy. Since serious historical investigation began into this area in the late 1960s, historians have increasingly divided into two contrasting camps of opinion, those advocating "continuity" in child rearing practices, and those emphasising "change". As there is little evidence of what childhood was really like in the past, it is incredibly difficult for historians to reconstruct the life of a child, much more the "experience" of being a child. In so many ways, the history of childhood is a history that slips through our fingers. Few Parents have left written records of how they reared their children, and fewer still children have left us their story. It is largely because of this lack of evidence,…
Childhood is a social construction and varies between times, places and groups. Most sociologists see our ides of childhood as a fairly recent one, the result of industrialisation and other social changes. Modern society constructs childhood as a tie of vulnerability, innocence and segregation from the adult world. The March of progress sociologist believe we live in an increasingly child-centred society. They state that children have existence of child poverty, abuse and exploitation. Child liberationists argue that children in modern western society are victims of age patriarchy and are subject to adult control. Some argue that we are witnessing the disappearance of childhood as the media erode the boundary between childhood and adulthood. Others argue that the west is imposing its idea of childhood on the third world.…
In this essay I will be talking about the reasons and beliefs on how the status of childhood has changed. Something that is socially constructed is created and designed by society. Differences in childhood can be seen across different times, places and cultures. How society influences what is right and wrong to help develop your child correctly this can be through the form of TV and books. Different cultures have different opinions on how children are viewed and ultimately treated.…
Childhood studies has a major impact of the lives of children, studies shown from the sixteenth century to date allow us to understand the changes that have been put into place to support and guide the lives of children today. Historical evidence from the sixteenth century provides us with ideas about the nature of children and how they were seen as sinners even whilst in the womb. This was known as the 'Puritan' view, historian childhood studies showed this to be in the form of whipping, canning and other forms of punishment. Further to this view came the 'Romantic' view, that showed children to be seen as innocence and goodness when seperated from the adult world. The 18th century Jean-Jacques Rausseau (1712-1778) published a treatise 'Emile, or on education' (1762) 'where he argued that children should be allowed to develop at their own rate in natural surroundings shielded from civilisation and the adult authority that corrupted then an turned good into bad' - (An introduction to childhood studies and child psychology chapter 1 -p11). The legal definition of a child is anyone under the age of 18 and the difference between an adult and children is differentiated by children being smaller, biologically and psychologically more immature.…
Within modern Western society children are seen as very different and separate to adults. Childhood is seen as a precious time in someone’s life, and so children’s innocence is protected from adult life. For example Pilcher stated that the most important aspect of childhood was the separateness from adult life, which can be shown through laws which regulate and dictate what children can and can’t do, for…
Many people hold the conflict view that childhood is quickly disappearing , Iona Opie argues against this as through her lifelong research she has found strong evidence that there is a very separate culture between adults and children of which didn’t exist 50 years ago.…
Sociologists view childhood as being socially constructed; which in other words, means something that is created and defined by society. They believe, that what people mean by the term “childhood” and the position that children have in society is not fixed, but varies between different times, (historically specific), places and cultures. We can see this, by comparing the western view on childhood today with childhood in the past and in other societies. In childhood today, it is generally accepted that it is a special time of life and that children are fundamentally different from adults. Jane Pilcher (1995) argues that the most important factor in today’s idea of “childhood” is separateness. Childhood is also viewed as a “golden age” of happiness and innocence however with this innocence comes vulnerability meaning they are in need of protection from the adult world, meaning they are to be kept “quarantined” (separate) from adults. Children’s live in a sphere of the family and education, where adults provide for them and protect them from the outside world, similarly children lead lives of leisure and play and are excluded from paid work.…
2. In contemporary society the discourse regarding the raising of children is primarily focused on developmental appropriateness, meaning that there exists a general awareness of the developmental sensitivity of children (childhood being a developmentally sensitive period). Contrasting this with the sentiment of “children must be seen and not heard” of a few decades ago, it becomes evident that our understanding of this practice is historical. In society today raising children is discussed along the lines of socialization, family life (the composition of the family), the specified medical field of paediatrics, child psychology, developmental psychology, education etc.…
Historically, most philosophers have given less written attention to the ontological and metaphysical status of children. Notably, Plato, Aristotle, Rousseau, Kant and Locke have been recognised for their contributions to an understanding of children and have given attention to the vulnerability of children and their need for protection and control, their duty to love and honour their parents, obligations of parents to care and shape their children according to some predetermined patterns. The dominant principle of the contemporary child rights and welfare discourse is that the regulation of children’s lives should be primarily geared towards making childhood a carefree, safe, secure and happy phase of human existence. In order to achieve this,…
Continual varying ideas about children which has led to claims that childhood is a social construction highlights that childhoods are not the same everywhere and that while all societies acknowledge that children are different from adults, how they are different and what expectations are placed on them, change accordingly to the society in which they live (Greene et al, 2005). This highlights that it is not possible for childhood to be a biological state but is culturally specific and varies across time and location including taking into account economic factors (McDowell, 2010).…
The article, Society begins at home, written by Sally Weale for The Age on May 9 2010, takes an objective look at two books written by author Sue Gerherdt, Why Love Matters: How Affection Shapes a Baby’s Brain and The Selfish Society. Weale emphasizes Gerherdt’s main objectives of both books, being how environment and experience at the start of life and through early childhood, namely childcare, effect a child’s development and ultimately society. This essay will analyse and evaluate four issues raised throughout the article with the intention of answering the question “is our future shaped by our childhood?” The issues that will be addressed include: children’s development in response to environment and care received at birth; the importance of parent relationships on emotional development; non parental childcare and the effects on development; how society affects development.…
Childhood is a stage of formation of character. A child is sent to school for essential training for his future life where the value of discipline in life is learnt. Here he is under the direct training and control of his teachers who appraise his talent, punished for his folly and guide him in his studies and in the improvement of his habits to mould him into an ideal character so that he may not have any problem in his later life…