Chapter 1

1. Nondigestible food components that can benefit our health by stimulating the growth and activity of helpful gastrointestinal (GI) bacteria are called __________.
CORRECT ANSWER: prebiotics 2. Which of the following statements about vitamins is true?
CORRECT ANSWER:
Some vitamins are fat soluble and some are water soluble.

3. Which of the following nutrients is inorganic?
CORRECT ANSWER:
Water

4. Jill eats 1600 Kcals and 50 grams of protein per day. The percentage of total energy that comes from protein is __________.
CORRECT ANSWER:
12.5%

5. Which of the following is the world’s largest telephone survey for tracking lifestyle behaviors?
CORRECT ANSWER:
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

6. Which of the following nutrients is the primary source of fuel for the body, especially the brain?
CORRECT ANSWER:
Carbohydrates

7. Helpful bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract benefit human health in all of the following ways EXCEPT that they __________.
CORRECT ANSWER: reduce the risk of some types of kidney disease

8. Which of the following provides 7 kcals per gram?
CORRECT ANSWER:
Alcohol

9. Trace minerals are those needed in amounts less than __________ mg/day in our diets.
CORRECT ANSWER:
100

10. Which of the following nutrients contains the element nitrogen?
CORRECT ANSWER:
Protein

11. The primary types of studies conducted with humans include all of the following EXCEPT __________.
CORRECT ANSWER: control trials

12. Interest in probiotics began in the early twentieth century, when the health and longevity of certain populations were attributed to diets high in ________ milk products.
CORRECT ANSWER: fermented 13. The nation’s leading cause of death is __________.
CORRECT ANSWER: heart disease

14. When administered in combination with certain medications, phytochemicals can interact with and increase the effectiveness of the medications by producing a(n) __________ effect, greater than the sum of the effects of the substances taken