Chapter 1 Quiz

GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY TAKE HOME QUIZ 1

|1. |In Watson's famous experiments with Little Albert, he taught Albert to fear a ________. |
| |a. |
| |rat |
| | |
| |b. |
| |dog |
| | |
| |c. |
| |dove |
| | |
| |d. |
| |cat |
| | |

|2. |The most controversial of psychology's pioneers is ________. |
| |a. |
| |William James |
| | |
| |b. |
| |Sigmund Freud |
| | |
| |c. |
| |Wilhelm Wundt |
| | |
| |d. |
| |B.F. Skinner |
| | |

|3. |Consider the following experiment. Children are drawn from high-, middle-, and low-income households. All the children are divided into two groups. One |
| |group watches "Sesame Street" on TV every day for a month while the other group watches cartoons. Both groups are then given a test that measures |
| |creativity. In this study, ________. |
| |a. |
| |there is no dependent variable; this is a correlational study |
| | |
| |b. |
| |the dependent variable is the children's socioeconomic class |
| | |
| |c. |
| |the dependent variable is what the children watch on TV |
| | |
| |d. |
| |the dependent variable is the children's scores on the creativity test |
| | |

|4. |The phallic stage begins at about age ________. |
| |a. |
| |five |
| | |
| |b. |
| |three |
| | |
| |c. |
| |one |
| | |
| |d. |
| |two |
| | |

|5. |________ theories see personality as the result of unconscious, often sexual, motivations and conflicts. |
| |a. |
| |Trait |
| | |
| |b. |
| |Psychodynamic |
| | |
| |c. |
| |Humanistic |
| | |
| |d. |
| |Cognitive-social learning |
| | |

|6. |Psychologists use the scientific method to do each of the following except ________ what they study. |
| |a. |
| |predict |
| | |
| |b. |
| |describe |
| | |
| |c. |
| |control |
| | |
| |d. |
| |circumvent |
| | |

|7. |When you watch dogs play in the park or watch how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of ________. |
| |a. |
| |case study research |
| | |
| |b. |
| |survey research |
| | |
| |c. |
| |psychometric study |
| | |
| |d. |
| |naturalistic observation |
| | |

|8. |Pavlov's famous conditioning experiments involved ________. |
| |a. |
| |a morning dove |
| | |
| |b. |
| |chickens |
| | |
| |c. |
| |a child |
| | |
| |d. |
| |dogs |
| | |

|9. |Harry goes to a psychologist because he is continually depressed. When he gets to the psychologist's office, he realizes that while he wants to end his |
| |depression, it will take him far too long to tell the doctor his life story. The psychologist senses Harry's reluctance and decides to administer an |
| |objective test to reveal Harry's attitudes and feelings. Which of the following would the doctor administer? |
| |a. |
| |A structured clinical interview |
| | |
| |b. |
| |Rorschach |
| | |
| |c. |
| |TAT |
| | |
| |d. |
| |MMPI-2 |
| | |

|10. |Titchener believed psychologists should analyze complex experiences in terms of ________. |
| |a. |
| |learned behaviors |
| | |
| |b. |
| |actualizing experiences |
| | |
| |c. |
| |their basic elements |
| | |
| |d. |
| |a stream of consciousness |
| | |

|11. |For Horney, ________ is a stronger motivating force than is sex. |
| |a. |
| |anxiety |
| | |
| |b. |
| |self-actualization |
| | |
| |c. |
| |empathy |
| | |
| |d. |
| |compensation |
| | |

|12. |A researcher goes to great lengths to ensure that the proportion of males and females in his study matches the proportion of males and females |
| |nationally. He is selecting a ________ sample. |
| |a. |
| |representative |
| | |
| |b. |
| |random |
| | |
| |c. |
| |biased |
| | |
| |d. |
| |controlled |
| | |

|13. |Men in many cultures are expected to hold a paying job, provide resources, and to drive a car whenever the family goes somewhere. These behavioral |
| |expectations of men are known as ________. |
| |a. |
| |cultural universals |
| | |
| |b. |
| |gender roles |
| | |
| |c. |
| |display rules |
| | |
| |d. |
| |gender stereotypes |
| | |

|14. |The female psychologist who is known for her analysis of how we learn verbal material and her contributions to self-psychology is ________. |
| |a. |
| |Margaret Mead |
| | |
| |b. |
| |Mary Whiton Calkins |
| | |
| |c. |
| |Christine Ladd-Franklin |
| | |
| |d. |
| |Margaret Floy Washburn |
| | |

|15. |In the early 1930s, anthropologist Margaret Mead lived among the people of Samoa. She recorded their behaviors and spent long hours talking with them, |
| |particularly with the young girls in whose development she was most interested. Her approach to gaining knowledge represents which of the following |
| |social science methods? |
| |a. |
| |naturalistic observation |
| | |
| |b. |
| |the correlational method |
| | |
| |c. |
| |survey research |
| | |
| |d. |
| |the psychometric approach |
| | |

|16. |Which personality test relies on a subject telling stories based on cards depicting human figures in various poses? |
| |a. |
| |TAT |
| | |
| |b. |
| |Rorschach |
| | |
| |c. |
| |16PF |
| | |
| |d. |
| |MMPI-2 |
| | |

|17. |Adler felt that a driving force in shaping personality was overcoming feelings of ________. |
| |a. |
| |individualism |
| | |
| |b. |
| |basic anxiety |
| | |
| |c. |
| |inhibition |
| | |
| |d. |
| |inferiority |
| | |

|18. |A psychologist uses the correlational method to ________. |
| |a. |
| |identify relationships between variables |
| | |
| |b. |
| |examine a single subject in-depth. |
| | |
| |c. |
| |determine what causes a variable to change |
| | |
| |d. |
| |observe subjects in their natural setting |
| | |

|19. |According to Freud, thinking and reasoning are controlled by the ________. |
| |a. |
| |ego |
| | |
| |b. |
| |superego |
| | |
| |c. |
| |collective unconscious |
| | |
| |d. |
| |id |
| | |

|20. |Trait theories are primarily ________. |
| |a. |
| |descriptive |
| | |
| |b. |
| |experimental |
| | |
| |c. |
| |anecdotal |
| | |
| |d. |
| |explanatory |
| | |

|21. |The NEO-PI-R was developed to assess ________. |
| |a. |
| |intelligence |
| | |
| |b. |
| |emotional maturity |
| | |
| |c. |
| |mental illness |
| | |
| |d. |
| |the Big Five personality traits |
| | |

|22. |According to Bandura, the expectancy that one's efforts will be successful is called ________. |
| |a. |
| |self-efficacy |
| | |
| |b. |
| |reciprocal determinism |
| | |
| |c. |
| |self-esteem |
| | |
| |d. |
| |locus of control |
| | |

|23. |Gerald takes great pride in his sexual prowess and treats women with contempt. Yet, he feels worthless and has low self-esteem. In Freud's view, he is |
| |probably fixated in the ________ stage. |
| |a. |
| |genital |
| | |
| |b. |
| |oral |
| | |
| |c. |
| |phallic |
| | |
| |d. |
| |anal |
| | |

|24. |Which of the following statements is true? |
| |a. |
| |Psychologists have looked closely at the influence of human diversity on human behavior since the very beginnings of the field. |
| | |
| |b. |
| |Psychologists have looked closely at the influence of human diversity on human behavior since the earliest years of the 20th century. |
| | |
| |c. |
| |Psychologists still have not begun to look closely at the influence of human diversity on human behavior. |
| | |
| |d. |
| |Only recently have psychologists looked closely at the influence of human diversity on human behavior. |
| | |

|25. |The most prominent school in contemporary scientific psychology is ________ psychology. |
| |a. |
| |Gestalt |
| | |
| |b. |
| |humanistic |
| | |
| |c. |
| |cognitive |
| | |
| |d. |
| |behavioral |
| | |

|26. |If you looked at an apple and recognized it because of seeing its red, round shape, with a stem at the top, remembering what other apples had looked |
| |like, and remembering that you really like the taste of apples, you would be supporting the ________ school of psychology. |
| |a. |
| |structuralist |
| | |
| |b. |
| |functionalist |
| | |
| |c. |
| |behaviorist |
| | |
| |d. |
| |Gestalt |
| | |

|27. |Recent evidence shows that the Big Five and many of their individual facets are ________ influenced by heredity. |
| |a. |
| |not |
| | |
| |b. |
| |moderately |
| | |
| |c. |
| |slightly |
| | |
| |d. |
| |strongly |
| | |

|28. |When our id is dominant, ________. |
| |a. |
| |our instincts are unbridled |
| | |
| |b. |
| |we are seen as cold and unemotional |
| | |
| |c. |
| |rational thinking determines our behavior |
| | |
| |d. |
| |our behavior is too tightly controlled |
| | |

|29. |For Freud, material that is well below the surface of awareness and cannot normally be recalled is in the ________ mind. |
| |a. |
| |collective unconscious |
| | |
| |b. |
| |preconscious |
| | |
| |c. |
| |unconscious |
| | |
| |d. |
| |conscious |
| | |

|30. |According to Freud, beginning at about age 3, the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the ________. |
| |a. |
| |genitals |
| | |
| |b. |
| |anus |
| | |
| |c. |
| |mouth |
| | |
| |d. |
| |hands |
| | |