Chapter 14 Islam Summary

Chapter 14 ISLAM:Names(people):Mohammed ibn Abullah- born in Mecca, lost merchant parents and was raised by grandfather and uncle, at age 30 became a merchant, had basic understanding of Judaism and Christianity. At 40, first thought up of Allah and God sending archangel, Gabriel to convert people. He orally transmitted his visions. Moved to Medina because of authorities threatening him because of clash of religions. Reffered to himself as the "seal of all prophets".

Khadija- wealthy widow who Mohammed worked for and then marriedAbu Bakr- caliph after Mohammed 's deathAbu al-Abbas- rebel general who put Umayyad Dynasty down. He founded the Abbasid Empire(-1258)Harun al-Rashid - (786- 809) gave out support to writers, artisans, poor. Was caliph at high-point of empire.
Names(other):"hajj"- holy pilgrimage to Mecca by Muslims"Islam"- submission"Muslim"-one who has submitted(one who has accepted Islamic faith)"dar al-Islam"-house of Islam (lands governed under Islamic rule"Allah"- god"Quran"- recitation"hadith" important sayings/customs(9th-11th centuries)"Medina"- the city of the prophet"hijra"- Mohammed 's migration- starts off Islamic calendar"umma"- community of the faithful in Medina"ka 'ba"- holy shrineFive Pillars of Islam- Allah is only God, all must pray while facing Mecca, all must fast during day of Ramadan, all must give to the poor, all able should make at least one pilgrimage to Mecca"sharia"- Islamic holy law"caliph"- deputySunni Islam- name for the majority of IslamShia Sect- fought for line of (assasinated) Ali to be made caliphs, founded Abbasid EmpireSunnis- traditionalists, founded the Umayyad Dynasty"jizya"- special tax that Umayyad put on all non-converts"madrasas"- places of higher education, started to appear by the 10th centuryUmayyad Dynasty- (661-750) centralized, trade, stable gov 't.
Were Arab
conquerors.

Abbasid Dynasty- cosmopolitan, not conquerors. Central authority came from the Court of Baghdad.

"sufis"- most notable missionaries, "gave up" lives for Allah, tolerated other culturesDates:570- Mohammed was born620- many people started to join Mohammed622- Mohammed fled w/some followers to Yathrib, which later was called Medina630- Mohammed and his followers conquered Mecca, forced inhabitants to convert632- Mohammed made first holy pilgrimage to Mecca(hajj)632- most of Arabia was under their control633-637- captured Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia because original countries had problems with rebellions640- captured Egypt651 captured Persia and toppled Sassanid Empire650 's- Quran was made711-718- captured India and Iberian Peninsula945- invasions of Baghdad began with Persian noble family--> nomadic Seljuk Turks, who tool control of Baghdad in 1050 's and then expanded until attack of Mongols in 200 years976-977- Mesopotamian princess fed handicapped and sent out fine robes to the commonfolkOther:with trade came communication with outside, which with came agricultural techniques(inc. food)paper came from defeated Chinesemost trade came by camels and boatsbanking and checking evolved/grew/was bornIndians invented Hindu(Arabic) Numerals, which we use today and much other mathmerchants worked together and made partnerships to make less of a chance of riskswomen were treated much better and more free than other societies, but have to wear veilsmuch educationmuch philosophy- inventually, the Greek philosophy that relied totally on human reason inflicted with the Quran, so it got changed to better suit their needs.

Bibliography:Traditions and Encounters, 3rd Edition. Jerry Bentley.