Chapter 21

Chapter 21
Second Homecoming And The Liga Filipina
Arrival in Manila with sister
• June 26, 1892 : This was Rizal's second homecoming, with him was his widowed sister Lucia (wife of the late Mariano Herbosa), they arrived in Manila

Rizal, being a meticulous diarist, described his second homecoming in Manila as follows:

I arrived at Manila on 26 June (1892), Sunday, at 12:00 noon. I was met by many carabineers headed by a major. There were in addition one captain and one sergeant of th Veteran Civil Guard. I cam down with my luggage and they inspected me at the customhouse. From there I went to Hotel de Oriente where I occupied room No. 22, facing the church of Binondo.

Visiting Friends in Central Luzon
• The following day, June 27, at 6 p.m., Rizal boar a train in Tutuban Station and visited his friends in:

• Malolos, Bulacan
• San Fernando, Pampanga
• Tarlac
• Bacolor, Pampanga

• These friends of his were good patriots, who were his supporters in the reform crusade.

• The next day, June 28, he returned to Manila at 5 p.m.

• There were government spies who watched Rizal's every movement carefully.

• After his visit to his friend's homes, the Guardia Civil raided it, then seized some copies of the Noli and Fili and some "subversive" pamplets.

Other Interviews with Despujol
• After his visits to his friends in Central Luzon, he had other interviews with Gov. Gen. Despujol. He recorded these interviews vividly in his diary. This goes as follows:

On Wednesday (June 29) at 7:30, I saw His Excellency. I did not succeed to have the penalty of exile lifted, but he gave me hope with regard to my sisters. As it was the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul our interview ended at 9:15. I was to come again the following day at 7:30.

The general was opposed to it, very much opposed. He told me to come back Sunday.

On Sunday (July 3) I returned. We talked about sundry things and I thanked him for having lifted the exile of my sisters. I told him that my father and brother would arrive on the first boat. He asked me if I would like to go abroad to Hong Kong. I told him yes. He told me to return on Wednesday.

Founding of the Liga Filipina
July 3, 1892 - Rizal attended a meeting of patriots at the home of the Chinese Mestizo, Doroteo Ongjunco, on Ylaya Street, Tondo, Manila
- it is here where Rizal organized the Liga Filipina

Among those who were in the meeting were:

Constitution of the Liga Filipina
The aims of the Liga Filipina, as emboided in the Constitution, were the following:

• To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogenous body.

• Mutual protection in every want and necessity.

• Defense against all violence and injustice.

• Encouragement of education, agriculture, and commerce.

• Study and application of reforms.

The motto of the Liga Filipina was:
Unus Instar Omnium
( One Like All)

• Supreme Council - the governing body of the league which had jurisdiction over the whole country, It was composed of a president, a secretary, a treasurer, and a fiscal

The duties of the Liga members are as follows:
- Obey the orders of the supreme council
- To help in recruiting new members
- To keep in strictest secrecy the decision of the Liga authorities
- To have a symbolic name which he cannot change until he becomes president of his council
-To report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which affects the Liga.
-To help fellow members in all ways
Rizal Arrested and Jailed in Fort Santiago
• July 6, 1892 - Rizal went to Malacañan Palace to resume his series of interviews with the governor general

During the interview Gov. Gen. Despujol showed him some printed leaflets which were allegedly found in Lucia's pillow cases.
These incriminatory leaflets were entitled Pobres Frailes ( Poor Friars) - the title of the leaflets under the authorship of Fr. Jacinto which was printed by the Imprenta de los Amigos del Pais, Manila. They were a satire against the rich Dominican friars who amassed fabulous riches contrary to their monastic vow of poverty

Arbitrary Deportation to Dapitan
It was also in the same issue of the Gaceta dated July 7, 1892 that contained Gov. Gen. Despujol's decree on deporting Rizal to "one of the islands in the South"

Reasons for Rizal's deportation as follows:

• Rizal had published books and articles abroad which showed disloyalty to Spain and which were " frankly anti-Catholic" and "imprudently anti-friar".

• A few hours after his arrival in Manila " there was found in one of the packages ... a bundle of handbills entitled Pobres Frailes in which the patient and humble generosity of Filipinos is satirized, and which accusations is published against the customs of the religious orders."

• His novel El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the memory of three "traitors" ( Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora), and on the title ge he wrote that in view of the vices and errors of the Spanish administration, " the only salvation for the Philippines was separation from the mother country".

• " The end which he pursues in his efforts and writings is to tear from the loyal Filipino breasts the treasures of our holy Catholic Faith".

Shortly after midnight of July 14 (that is 12:30 am of July 15, 18920. Rizal was brought under heavy guard to the steamer Cebu which was sailing for Dapitan, This steamer under Captain Delgras departed at 1:00 A.M July 15, Sailing south, passing Mindoro and Panay, and reaching Dapitan on Sunday, the 17th of July, at 7:00 in the evening.

Captain Delgras went ashore and handed Rizal over to Captain Ricardo Carnicero, Spanish commandant of Dapitan.That same night July 17, 1892 Rizal began his exile in lonely Dapitan which would last until July 21, 1896, a period of four years

Written Report in Rizal I

Submitted by: Leader: Raniel Concepcion
Members:
Joshua Julian
Jenny De leon
Alijah Cayog
Grace Velasco
Keith Javier
Johnrell Villarama
Kristel Garcia Submitted to: Prof. Michael M. Santos